Surface Anatomy, Big 3 Tracts, Blood supply (Quiz 1)

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract (DCML): role?

Discriminative touch; sensory

Anterolateral System (ALS) Tract: role?

Nociception, temp, crude touch; sensory

Corticospinal tract (CS): role?

fine motor

Where does the DCML tract cross over to the contralateral side?

Caudal medulla (pyramidal decussation)

Where does the ALS track cross over to the contralateral side?

Spinal cord

Where does the corticospinal tract cross over to the contralateral side?

Inferior portion of the medulla

nucleus; define

group of functionally related cell bodies

spinal cord; define

longitudinal column of cell bodies, functionally related

cortical column; define

group of cell bodies that are related in function with similar receptive field

layer/lamina/stratum; define

group of functionally related cells that form a layer

tract/fasciculus/lemniscus; define

bundle of parallel axons

funiculus; define

group of several parallel tracts or fasciculi

ganglion; define

group of cell bodies

nerve/ramus/root; define

structure consisting of parallel axons

afferent nerves

Sensory nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS

efferent nerves

Motor nerves that conduct impulses from the CNS to the periphery

What two branches make up the peripheral nervous system?

Somatic PNS

- somatomotor (efferent), somatosensory (afferent)

Autonomic (nervous system)

- visceral efferent, visceral afferent

the internal carotid aa. connects to which other arteries at the COW?

- anterior cerebral artery

- posterior communicating artery

- middle cerebral artery

- opthalamic artery

- anterior choroidal artery

Which cerebellar artery branches off of the basilar artery at the pons?

anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Which cerebellar artery branches off of the vertebral artery?

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Which cerebellar artery branches off of the basilar artery at the midbrain?

Superior cerebellar artery

Which arteries lie between the SCA and the PICA? On which part of the brain stem is it located?

Pontine arteries

- located on the pons as a branch of the basilar artery

A blockage in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is associated with what impairments?

Contralateral LE weakness and sensory loss > UE

- homunculus; ACA runs midline in the front of the brain, where LE distribution is dominant

A blockage in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is associated with what impairments?

- Hemiplegia (if midbrain blockage)

- memory problems (temporal lobe distribution)

A blockage in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is associated with what impairments?

- Contralateral weakness and sensory loss (UE and face > LE)

- aphasia (in dominant hemisphere)

What is the lenticulostriate artery a branch of? What are associated impairments of a blockage in this area?

Branch of MCA; supplies internal capsule, hypothalamus, and parts of the basal ganglia

- blockage here (subcortical) could impact all cortical nerves on that hemisphere, which could lead to hemiplegia and relevant speech impairments

Tentorium cerebelli: function?

sheet of dura that separates cerebrum from cerebellum

- provides an opening for foramen magnum (tentorial notch); surrounds midbrain

Falx cerebri: function?

dural layer that separates the two cerebral hemispheres

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