Civics test 2

15th Amendment

The right to vote could not be denied by 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude'.

19th Amendment

Women get the right to vote.

Native American Citizenship Act

Native Americans are allowed to vote.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Outlawed literacy tests and other discriminatory practices that prevented people of color from voting.

26th Amendment

Voting age changed from 21 to 18 after the Vietnam War.

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Eliminated critical protections from discrimination and the requirement for preclearance from the government before creating new voting practices.

Louisiana Literacy Test (Purpose)

To prevent minorities, mainly Black people, from voting.

Louisiana Literacy Test (Official Claim)

It was said to prove that people had at least a 5th-grade education.

Louisiana Literacy Test (Fairness)

Extremely unfair; it was given to African Americans and poor whites to prevent them from voting.

Louisiana Literacy Test (Outcome)

If people passed, they could vote, but in practice, they never did.

Louisiana Literacy Test (Impact)

Prevented people from voting in state elections and having a voice in their cities or states.

Senate Qualifications

30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9+ years, and must live in the state represented.

House Qualifications

25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7+ years, and must live in the state represented.

Presidential Qualifications

35 years old, natural-born citizen, and must live in the U.S. for 14+ years.

Electoral College (State Votes)

Minimum of 3 votes (2 senators and at least 1 House member); depends on state population.

Electoral College (Purpose)

Served as a compromise between those wanting Congress to choose the President and those wanting citizens to have a vote.

Electoral College (Winning)

You need 270 votes to win.

Popular vs. Electoral Vote

You can win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote and thus lose the Presidency.

12th Amendment

Changed how the Electoral College works—electors now vote separately for President and V.P.

20th Amendment

Shortened the 'Lame Duck' period; President begins Jan. 20th and Congress begins Jan. 3rd.

22nd Amendment

Limits the President to two terms (maximum of 10 years).

23rd Amendment

Gives residents of Washington D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections (they get electoral votes).

25th Amendment

Explains that if the President dies, resigns, or can't do the job, the Vice President takes over.

Gerrymandering (Goal)

To manipulate or change the borders of electoral districts to give one political party an advantage over another.

Gerrymandering (Effects)

Can draw lines to give a party more representation in Congress and can negatively affect the influence of certain races or ethnicities.

Gerrymandering (Beneficiaries)

Politicians who want to be in Congress benefit; the people living in those areas do NOT.

Packing

Drawing lines to include opposing voters into one district to avoid their overall influence.

Cracking

Separating voters across multiple districts to give a specific party a chance to win.

Media Bias

When news providers present information that unfairly favors one side of an argument or issue.

Media and Political Views

People watch news that suits their political bias and watch what they want to hear.

Media and Voting

Media can influence how people vote depending on the topic, especially if people are taught to trust all news they hear.