med term ch3

6 main elements of human body

• oxygen

• carbon

• hydrogen

• nitrogen

• calcium

• phosphorous

selectivity

• cell membrane

• receive nutrition and dispose waste

stem cells

• precursor of body cells

1. can divide and renew for long periods

2. unspecialized

3. can give rise to specialized cell types

• found in embryos, adult tissues, umbilical cord blood

• can be grown and transformed into specialized cells through cell culture and regenerative medicine

four types of tissue

1. epithelial tissue

2. connective tissue

3. muscle tissue

4. nerve tissue

epithelial tissue

• outer surfaces, lines body cavities

• forms secreting portion of glands and ducts

• protection, absorption, excretion, diffusion

connective tissue

• most abundant

• supports organs, sheaths muscles, connects muscles to bones, bones to joints

• bone is a dense form of connective tissue

muscle tissue

• movement

• skeletal (voluntary) muscle is striated and effects locomotion

• smooth (involuntary) muscle is found in walls of organs

nerve tissue

• made of nerve cells/neurons and supporting cells/neuroglia

• excitability and conductivity

• control and coordination

anatomical position

• body is erect

• head forward facing

• arms by sides with palms to front

superior

above, upward

inferior

• infer/o

• below, downward

anterior

• anter/o

• front or before

posterior

• toward back

cephalic

• cephal/o

• pertaining to the head, superior in position

caudal

• caud/o

• pertaining to tail, inferior in positon

medial

• medi/o

• nearest in the midline or middle

lateral

• later/o

• to the side, away from middle

proximal

• proxim/o

• nearest point of attachment or near point of origin

distal

• dist/o

• away from the point of attachment/origin

sagittal plane

• vertically divides r and l sides

midsagittal plane

• divides into r and l halves

transverse/horizontal plane

• divides into superior and inferior positions

coronal/frontal planes

• divides body into front and back positions

cavity

• hollow space containing body organs

2 types of cavities

1. ventral/anterior (front side of body)

2. dorsal cavity/posterior (back side)

Ventral cavity

• hollow part of torso

• extending from neck to pelvis

1. thoracic cavity

2. abdominal cavity

3. pelvic cavity

1. thoracic cavity

• chest area

* pericardial cavity surrounds heart

* pleural cavity surrounds lungs

abdominal cavity

• below diaphragm

pelvic cavity

• formed by pelvic bones

dorsal cavity

• nervous structures

1. cranial cavity

2. spinal cavity

cranial cavity

• inside skull

spinal cavity

• inside bony spinal column

abdominopelvic cavity

• combination of two ventral cavities (abdominal and pelvic)

9 regions of abdominopelvic cavity

4 regions of the abdomen

trunk

• chest, back, shoulders, abdomen

• heart and lungs in upper chest

• abdomen with most digestive organs …liver, small intestine, gallbladder

• kidneys, ureters, urethra, reproductive organs

therapeutic drugs

relieve symptoms

diagnostic drugs

help locate a disease process

curative drugs

kill or remove agents of disease

replacement

drugs replace or supplement missing substances

preventative drugs

prevent or lessen the severity of a disease

medication order

• includes drug name, dosage (amount prescribed), form (liquid, solid, semisold, tablet, capsule, patch), time/frq of admin, route of admin (way it enters the body)