SCAN 225 final terms

Romanticism

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• an intellectual, artistic, and literary movement in, emphasizing intense emotion, individualism and the power of nature

• 8th-19th centuries

• it helped scan countreis create distinct identities independent from the rest of europe, specifically helping norway validate its independence

Modern breakthrough

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• a movement that replaced romanticism with realism, and increased social critique

• 1870-1900

• its progressive ideologies layed the foundation for modern nordic welfare and social democracy, replacing authoritarian power dynamics

Grez-sur-Loing

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• an art colony in france where many scandinavians went fro inspiration

• 1860-1910 during modern breakthrough

• Artists combined French Impressionism with scandinavian realism, sparing social democratic change by shifting interest to everyday life instead of elitist life.

Volvo

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• a Swedish car company that made safe functional cars for Nordic climate

• founded in 1927

• it helped to develop and uphold sweden’s reputation as a functional, safe, and innovative society

Neutrality in WWI

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• the Nordic countries signed joint neutrality during wwi to avoid direct conflict

• signed in 1912

• while the countreis acted more as neutral allies due to economic ties, their overal image contributed to the nordic model of exceptionalism and the stability of morality in scandinvaia

Evacuation of jewish danes

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• Before Germany invaded Denmark, Danish citizens helped evacuate 700 jews to neutral Sweden to avoid capture by Germany.

• 1943

• They prevented denmark from being involved in the holocaust and contributed to Scandinavian ideals of collectivism and devotion ot human rights

Carl larsson

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• a Swedish artist and interior designer whose worked focused on idellic family life and functional light-filled homes

• 1853-1919

• he pioneered swedish design style of functional clean interiots, which embodies Scandinavian functionalist ideologies that gained global attention

Edvard Munch

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• a Norwegian artist who had a very emotional style that incorporates expressionism and nordic landscapes

• (1863-1944)

• he transformed nordic art by combining it with modern European style, while simultaneously bringing nordic art to an international stage

Full Franchise

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• the ability of all adults, regardless of gender or class to vote, fueled by progressive movements like feminism, socialism, and labor movements

• 1906-1915

• The representation of different classes changed power in Scandinavia from the elites to an egalitarian welfare state.

Winter war

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• A war between Finland and Russia due to Russia taking territory in Finland.

• (1939)

• Although Finland was underprepared, they held out for 3 months, which developed strong national unity following their civil war, resilience, and principles of Finnish identity.

Continuation war

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• A war between the soviet union and finland, in in attempt from finland to regain territory lost in the winter war

• (1941-1944)

• It reinfoced finlands identity and determination to stay independent and defy pressures of soviet union

Georg brandes

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• a dansih critic who advocated fro realism over romanticism in a series of lectures

• (1842-1927)

• His emphasis on social reform in literature over escapism encouraged political and social reform, contributing to the development of social democracy in Scandinavia, as well as modernization like the rest of Europe.

Aftonbladet

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• a liberal Swedish newspaper that criticized conservatism, and as a result was banned, then reopened several times.

• 1830

• the newspaper’s determination caused the Swedish government to be forced to allow freedom of the press, contributing to social reform and social democratic policies in Sweden

Functionalism

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• A design movement that emphasized utility over composition, in order to create functional, accessible housing for all.

• 20th century

• It aligned with social democratic policies of improving life for all, and created the global image of Scandinavian practicality and minimalism.

Temperance movement

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• a movement that aimed to moderate alcohol consumption in attempts to decrease poverty

• early 20th century

• The formation of temperance unions caused the mixing of classes and cultures, and led to state-run alcohol monopolies that still exist today

Sampi

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• a region in northern scandinavia inhabited by the sami people that experienced forced assimilation fueled by darwinsim and economic exploitation

• late 19th early 20th centuries

• their integration has caused a loss of heritage, while simultaneously encouraging renewal of sami heritage, language and land rights.

Greenland integration with Denmark

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• prevously defined as a colony, greenland was integrated with denmark with representation in their parlimetn

• 1953/2009

• It led to Greenland's autonomy and self-governance, allowing them to control domestic affairs and preserve their identity.

Astrid Lindgren

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• a swedish author and activist known for writing pippi longstockings

• 1907-2002

• she advocated fro children rights, independence, and imagination, shifting the status of children in scandinavia to people with their own rights and autonomy.

Ragnar Axelson

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• an icelandic photojournalist who documents the vanishing lifestyles and landscapes of indigenous people in northern regions.

• 1958

• through his photography he has spread awareness of the beauty, and fragility of Scandinavian geography and lifestyles, and climate change’s effect on them.

jean sibelius

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• a Finnish composer during the late romantic period

• 1865-1957

• His music focused on Scandinavian landscapes and Finnish nationalism, which helped develop Finnish national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia

Bluetooth

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• a wireless connection technology that exchanges data made by Scandinavian engineers

• 1989

• its success in healthcare and tech fields reinforced scandinavains influence and superior engineering and innovative techniques.

Nato membership of finland and sweden

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• the joining of Sweden and finland into NATO following russias invasion into ukraine

• fin(2022), swede(2024)

• theri membership marked the end of longstanding Scandinavian neutrality, and shifted independent defense to collective defense

The Norwegian Constitution

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• established norway as an independent, constitutional monarchy with democratic principles

• 1814

• although they entered a union with sweden short after, it preserved norweigan political identity and symbolized norwegian nationalism and resistance to foreign rule