PHILO Lesson 4

+ the obvious terms + includes people + some concepts

paradigm shift

paradigm shift

a change in worldview, a change in how reality, truth, and facts are viewed

Lao Tzu

founder of Taoist school of thought & one of the most prominent philosophers of nature

Tao

“The Way”

the Taoist

aims to be one with all things and to coexist with Heaven and Earth

Chuang Tzu

the most eloquent representative of the Taoist school; believed in nourishing nature, returning to destiny, and enjoying nature

anthropocentric model

based on the premise that humans are essential and central to the universe

ecocentric model

emphasizes the ecological or relational integrity that provides meaning to our morals and values

the Milesians

early Greek philosophers who regard nature as spatially without boundaries

Anaximander

“Nature is indeterminate”

Pythagoras

claimed that order, harmony, and beauty in nature are embodiment of the universe

biophilia

love of other living things

cosmophilia

love of other living beings

the Chinese

sees the universe as a continuous whole like a chain of natural consequences

yin and yang

all occurrences in the universe are results of a transitional process due to the primeval pair: ____ and ____; follows tat the universe does not proceed onward but revolves without beginning or end

Immanuel Kant

expressed that beauty is ultimately a symbol of morality

Herbert Marcuse

“Humanity has dominated nature”; there can only be change if we will change our attitude toward our perception of the environment

George Mead

“As human beings, we have not only rights but also duties [to maintain those rights]”

deep ecology, social ecology, ecofeminism

3 theories that were triggered by climate change

deep ecology

ecological crisis is the result of anthropocentrism; our controlling attitude extends to nature when in fact, we are part of nature

social ecology

ecological crisis is a consequence of authoritarian social structures; environment is exploited for profit or self-interest

ecofeminism

ecological crisis is a consequence of male dominance; “Nature must be tamed, ordered, and submit to the will of the superior”

ASEAN Economic Community

examines the modernization of the Research and Development in terms of productivity performance, economic integration, technology policies, and institutional structure/arrangement