Idea of Race

One Drop Rule

Idea that any African ancestry identifies someone as Black, creating a black-white binary.

Environmental determinism

Physical terrain influences behavior and culture.

Heredity

Genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Autochthony

Belief a community is indigenous to a region.

Physiognomy

Practice of discovering temperament from appearance.

Ideology of imperialism

Belief system that justifies the domination of one group over another.

Polygenesis

Not all humans were God's creations.

Purity of Blood

Discrimination based on ancestry or 'blood'.

Phrenology

Study of head shape/size to learn characteristics of races.

Odalisque

White female slave in harem, typically in Ottoman palace.

Caucasian

Term used to describe a racial classification originating from the Caucasus region.

Proto-racism

Early forms of racial categorization and discrimination.

Neanderthal 'desert'

A genetic zone where alleles between species don't communicate.

Genetic diversity

Variety of genetic characteristics within a population.

Bering Land Bridge

Land bridge that connected Asia and North America during the last Ice Age.

Eugenics

Study of or belief in the possibility of improving the human race by selective breeding.

Language discrimination

Discrimination based on the language spoken by an individual.

Allophone

Mental realization of a sound that can vary in pronunciation.

Phoneme

Physical realization of meaningful sound units.

Proto-language

A reconstructed ancestor language from which a group of languages descends.

Standard language ideology

Belief that there is a 'correct' form of a language that should be used.

Linguistic subordination

The process by which certain languages or dialects are deemed inferior to others.

Intercaste marriages

Marriages between individuals of different caste backgrounds, affecting genetic diversity.

Genetic determinism

The belief that genes determine physical and behavioral traits.

Caste system

A social stratification system based on hereditary status.

Genetic blocks

Segments of DNA that are inherited together, often due to limited interbreeding.

COVID resistance

Genetic factors that may provide immunity or reduced susceptibility to COVID-19.

Brain size changes

Evolutionary alterations in brain size associated with the development of human species.

Bipedalism

The ability to walk on two legs, a key adaptation in human evolution.

Tool use

The ability to create and use tools, significant in human evolution.