topic 3 lesson 1 7th grade

asexual reproduction

a reproductive process that only involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

sexual reproduction

a reproductive process when two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents

fertilization

a process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new cell

trait

a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes

gene

a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring

inheritance

the process by which an offspring receives genes from its parents

allele

a different form of the same gene

incomplete dominance

is not fully dominant. mix of colors. ex: red + white= pink

codominance

when both are fully shown not over taking one of the other. ex: dog with red and white patches/brown with white spots

multiple alleles

more than two alleles

polygenic inheritance

more than one gene. it controls some traits

simple inheritance

one trait overcomes other

a female dog has brown fur and a male dog has white fur, brown fur is the dominant trait and white is the recessive. List the possible ways that the fur of the offspring could come out based on the ways the alleles could interact.

-Brown allele dominant: brown fur shown 

-White allele dominant: white fur shown 

-Codominant: brown and white spots on fur 

-Incomplete dominant: tan fur

what are the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

asexual: only requires 1. it leads to little to no variability since it’s a genetic copy of the parent 

sexual:  requires 2 to make offspring. it means greater variability due to combinations of different genes

how are genes passed from parent to offspring in humans

-Humans use sexual reproduction. Mom passes her genes through the egg, dad passes his genes through the sperm - through fertilization these two join to make a new offspring 

-If both genes passed down are dominant traits, the dominant trait is shown 

-If one gene passed down is dominant, the dominant trait is shown but the recessive gene can be passed to the next generation

-If both genes are recessive, the recessive gene is shown

explain the difference between an inherited trait and an acquired trait. give an example

inherited trait is one that is passed down through genetics.

acquired trait can be gained through your environment.

ex :You inherited a gene for vocal chords, but you acquire a language depending on where you grew up

How do recessive traits express themselves?

Recessive traits only express themselves if both recessive traits are passed down from parent to offspring