Respiratory System - Chap. 4

Pharynx (Definition)

serves as food and air passageway; air enters from the nasal cavities, whereas food enters from the mouth

Sinuses (Definition)

air cavities within cranial bones; membrane lining air cavities produces mucus, which drains into nasal passages

Thorax (Definition)

chest; the part of the body between neck and diaphragm encased by ribs

Trachea (Definition)

passageway for air to the bronchi

Alveoli (Definition)

air sacs within the lung; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls

Bronchus (Definition)

branches from the trachea that conduct air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides

Larynx (Definition)

location of vocal cords; below the pharynx

Lungs (Definition)

spongelike organs; divides into lobes

Nose (Definition)

lined with mucous membranes and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm air

Functions of Respiratory System (4 Functions)

Moves air in and out of lungs, provides for intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide, provides airflow for speech, enables sense of smell

Inhalation Steps (6 Steps)

Air containing oxygen enters nose or mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree, Alveoli

Exhalation Steps (6 Steps)

Air containing carbon dioxide leaves the alveoli, Bronchial tree, Trachea, Larynx, Pharynx, nose or mouth

3 Instruments used to measure Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Breathing

Capnometer, Pulse Oximeter, Spirometer

-scope

Instrument used to examine

-scopy

Visual exam procedure

-scopic

Pertaining to the visual exam

Bronch/o

Bronchus (air tubes)

Capn/o

Carbon dioxide

Laryng/o

Voice box

Muc/o

Mucus

Nas/o

Nose

Ox/i

Oxygen

Pharyng/o

Throat

Pneum/o

Air, lung

Pneumon/o

Lung

Pulmon/o

Lung

Rhin/o

Nose

Sinus/o

Sinus

Somn/o

Sleep

Spir/o

Breathing

Thorac/o

Chest

Trache/o

Windpipe

a-, an-

Without, not

dys-

Bad, difficult

endo-

Inside

hyper-

Too much

poly-

Many

-ary

Pertaining to

-centesis

Surgical puncture

-eal

Pertaining to

-ectomy

Removal

-gram

Record, picture

-ia

Condition

-meter

Measure

-pnea

Breathing

-rrhagia

Excessive bleeding

-rrhea

Flow, discharge

-stomy

New opening

-thorax

Chest

-tomy

Cutting into

ABG (Measures oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood)

Arterial Blood Gas

BP (Force of blood against artery walls)

Blood Pressure

CO₂ (Waste gas breathed out)

Carbon Dioxide

COPD (Long-term lung disease causing breathing problems)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COVID-19 (Viral respiratory illness)

Coronavirus Disease 2019

C&S (Lab test to identify germs and treatments)

Culture and Sensitivity

CPAP (Machine that helps keep airways open)

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

CT (Detailed imaging scan)

Computed Tomography

CXR (X-ray picture of the chest)

Chest X-Ray

ET (Inside the windpipe)

Endotracheal

flu (Common viral illness)

Influenza

O₂ (Gas needed for life)

Oxygen

OSA (Airway repeatedly closes during sleep)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

P (Heartbeat rate)

Pulse

PFTs (Tests how well lungs work)

Pulmonary Function Tests

PSG (Sleep study)

Polysomnography

R (Breathing rate)

Respirations

RT (Treatment for breathing problems)

Respiratory Therapy

T (Body heat measurement)

Temperature

SOAP (Medical note format)

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

SOB (Difficulty breathing)

Shortness of Breath

TB (Bacterial lung infection)

Tuberculosis

URI (Infection of nose/throat/upper airway)

Upper Respiratory Infection

VS (Basic body measurements)

Vital Signs

V/Q Scan (Test comparing airflow and blood flow in lungs)

Ventilation/Perfusion Scan