SNC1W1 Grade 9 Science Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Year 9 Science topics including the Scientific Method, Particle Theory, Matter Classification, Physical and Chemical properties, Density, and the Periodic Table.

Scientific Method Steps

The six steps are: Purpose, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observations, Data analysis, and Conclusion.

Independent variables

Variables that you change on purpose during an experiment.

Dependent variables

The variables that you measure during an experiment.

Controlled variables

The variables that you keep the same to make the test fair.

Control

The normal or unchanged version of your experiment used as a baseline group to compare results.

Particle Theory of Matter

1. All matter is made of tiny particles that have empty spaces. 2. Different substances use different kinds of particles. 3. Particles are in constant random motion. 4. Particles move faster as temperature increases. 5. Particles attract each other.

Pure Substances

A classification of matter that includes elements and compounds.

Mixtures

A classification of matter that includes homogeneous mixtures (solutions) and heterogeneous mixtures (mechanical mixtures and suspensions).

Physical property

Something you can observe or measure without changing what the substance is made of, like color or mass.

Chemical property

Describes how a substance can change into a different substance, such as flammability.

Physical change

A change where the substance stays the same but just looks different, such as cutting or melting.

Chemical change

A change that makes a totally new substance, such as burning or rusting.

Five clues of chemical change

1. Color change. 2. Gas is produced (bubbles). 3. Light or heat is given off. 4. A smell is produced. 5. The change cannot be undone.

Viscosity

The physical property describing how easy a liquid flows.

Malleability

The physical property describing the ability to be hammered into thin sheets.

Ductility

The physical property describing the ability to be made into wires.

Luster

The physical property describing if a substance is shiny or dull.

Brittleness

The tendency of a substance to break under stress.

Density formula

$$D = M \div V$$

Atom

The smallest piece of an element.

Molecule

Two or more atoms joined together.

Compound

A molecule made of two or more different elements joined together.

Metals

Elements that are shiny, conduct heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile, and lose electrons to become cations.

Non-metals

Elements that are dull, poor conductors, and brittle, which gain electrons to become anions.

Metalloids

Elements that are semi-shiny, partially conduct electricity, and can do both (behave as metals or non-metals).

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic mass

The total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Group 1

The Alkali metals family of the periodic table.

Group 2

The Alkaline earth metals family of the periodic table.

Group 7

The Halogens family of the periodic table.

Group 8

The Noble gases family of the periodic table.

Determining protons

Look at the atomic number on the periodic table.

Determining neutrons

$$\text{atomic mass} - \text{atomic number}$$