Chemical Bonding

Vocabulary practice cards focusing on the fundamentals of chemical bonding, types of compounds, and properties of pure substances based on Chapter 2, Section 2.1.

Chemical bond

The force of attraction that holds atoms (in molecules or metals) or ions (in salts) together.

Stability

A state achieved by atoms or ions when they become chemically bonded, making them harder to break apart because energy is required.

Sodium $(Na)$

A metal that reacts explosively and is a component of table salt.

Chlorine $(Cl)$

A green poisonous gas that combines with sodium to form table salt.

Noble gas configuration

The stable electron arrangement that atoms acquire when participating in a chemical bond.

Element

A substance made up of only one type of atom, which can exist as single atoms or as molecules.

Molecular element

A substance made up of the same atoms sharing electrons, such as $H_2$, $Cl_2$, or $O_3$.

Metallic bond

The type of chemical bond found in single-atom elements like copper $(Cu)$ and aluminum $(Al)$.

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of different elements combined in a specific ratio.

Molecular compound

A compound formed by nonmetals sharing electrons through covalent bonds, such as $H_2O$, $CH_4$, and $CO_2$.

Ionic Compound / salt

A compound composed of ions formed by the exchange of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bond

A chemical bond characterized by the exchange of electrons where a metal loses electrons and a nonmetal gains them.

Crystal lattice

A continuous, three-dimensional structure characteristic of ionic compounds.

Pure Substance

A substance composed of only one type of identical particles or units, which can be atoms, molecules, or ions.

Physical properties of water

Identifying characteristics including a freezing point of $0^\text{o}C$, a boiling point of $100^\text{o}C$, and a density of $1.0\,g/mL$.

Mixture

A substance whose physical properties change, such as when salt is dissolved in water causing the freezing point to decrease and the boiling point to increase.

Antifreeze

A substance added to car radiators to prevent the water inside from both freezing and boiling.

Noble gas elements

Elements that do not form chemical bonds because they are already in their most stable form.