One Hormone per Gland in Detail Flashcards

a fundamental homeostatic mechanism in biology that maintains stable internal conditions by reversing deviations from a set point.

negative feedback loop

When blood glucose drops (e.g., between meals), the pancreas releases glucagon, stimulating the liver to release glucose into the blood, increasing levels.

This is an example of a _____ feedback loop

Negative

Pressure from the baby’s head on the cervix stimulates the pituitary gland to release oxytocin, which triggers contractions that cause more pressure, resulting in more oxytocin release

This is an example of a _____ feedback loop

Positive

Anterior Pituitary Gland Specified Hormone

Prolactin

Prolactin stimulus for release

A decrease in the amount of PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone)

Prolactin Target

mammary glands in the breasts

Prolactin effect

stimulates milk production

Posterior Pituitary Gland specified hormone

Oxytocin

Oxytocin stimulus for release

nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to uterine stretch or infant suckling

Oxytocin target

uterus and mammary glands

Oxytocin effect

stimulates uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejections

Thyroid gland specified hormone

TH (T3 and T4)

TH stimulus for release

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

TH target

most cells of the body

TH effects

increases BMR, regulates tissue growth and development

Parathyroid Gland specified hormone

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

PTH stimulus

low levels of calcium in the blood

PTH target

Bones and kidneys

PTH effects

increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and stimulating kidneys to reabsorb calcium

Adrenal Gland specified hormone

Zona fasciculata

Zona fasciculata stimulus

ACTH

Zona fasciculata target

most body cells

Zona fasciculata effect

promotes the breakdown of fat and protein

Pancreas specified hormone

Insulin

Insulin stimulus

increased blood glucose levels, PSN stimulation

Insulin Target

most cells of the body

Insulin effects

accelerates the transport of glucose into body cells

Ovaries specified hormone

Estrogen

Estrogen stimulus

LH and FSH

Estrogen target

most cells of the body

Estrogen effects

promotes the maturation of the female reproductive organs

Testis specified hormone

testosterone

testosterone stimulus

LH and FSH

testosterone target

most cells of the body

testosterone effects

promotes the maturation of the male reproductive organs