Introduction to Intellectual Property and Business Execution

These vocabulary flashcards cover the key concepts of Intellectual Property law, business planning phases, marketing metrics, financial analysis techniques, and capital raising strategies as outlined in the lecture notes.

Intellectual Property (IP)

Refers to creations of the human mind, including inventions, artistic works, literary works, designs, symbols, brand names, and other intellectual outputs.

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883)

An international treaty that helps standardize IP protection across different countries for industrial property.

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886)

An international agreement governing copyright for the protection of literary and artistic works.

Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (RA 8293)

The national legislation of the Philippines enacted to protect intellectual property rights and encourage creativity and innovation.

Copyright

Legal protection granted to original works of authorship such as literature, music, and art, giving creators exclusive rights over use and distribution.

Economic Rights

Rights under copyright that enable the author to earn from and control the use of their work, including reproduction, rental, and public performance.

Moral Rights

Rights that govern the author's connection to their work, including the right of attribution and the right of integrity.

Fair Use

A doctrine allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.

Trademark

A word, name, symbol, logo, or design used to identify a brand or company and distinguish its products or services from others.

Trade Dress

A type of trademark describing the appearance of a product and/or its packaging, such as the distinct contour shape of a Coca-Cola bottle.

Patent

A government-granted legal right giving an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a limited time, usually $20$ years.

Utility Model (UM)

A type of patent that protects a new and useful practical improvement or 'tweak' to an existing tool or product.

Trade Secret

Valuable, confidential information that provides a competitive advantage and is never registered with the government or made public.

Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)

A confidentiality contract that establishes a legally binding 'gag order' to prevent the leaking of sensitive information to the public or competitors.

Strategic Roadmap

A plan outlining the path from an idea to the market, detailing milestones across research, development, and production phases.

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

An initial, functional version of a product used during the development phase for prototyping, testing, and validation.

Market Analysis

An assessment of the target market to project business success based on market size, competitors, and customers.

Cost of Customer Acquisition (CAC)

The total money spent to acquire a new customer; reducing this while maintaining growth represents effective marketing management.

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV/LTV)

The total expected revenue from a single customer throughout their relationship with the company, with a recommended target ratio of $3:1$ to CAC.

Lean Philosophy

A methodology focused on maximizing customer value while minimizing waste, utilizing five core principles: Define Value, Map Value Stream, Create Flow, Establish Pull, and Pursuit Perfection.

Net Present Value (NPV)

A financial analysis metric that measures the total expected profit of a project in present value terms.

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

A financial metric used to determine the percentage return of an investment.

Fundamental Analysis

A type of financial analysis using ratios gathered from financial statements, such as earnings per share (EPS), to determine a business's value.

Accrual Accounting

A financial accounting method where revenues are recorded when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of when cash is exchanged.

Depreciation

The accounting concept that recognizes assets decline in value over time, spreading their cost over their useful life.

Retained Earnings

Cumulative net income that a company keeps to reinvest in the business, pay down debt, or hold for future use rather than distributing as dividends.

Debt Financing

Raising capital by borrowing money from lenders that must be repaid over a specified period with interest, typically through bank loans, credit lines, or bonds.

Venture Capital

A type of equity financing where investors provide funding to startups or innovative businesses in exchange for ownership shares or equity.

Incubator

An initiative aimed at assisting emerging businesses in the development stage through mentorship, training, space, and technical advice to build a solid foundation.

Accelerator

A program working with startups that already have an operational product or service, providing funding and mentorship in return for equity.