UO Anthro 170 Final Exam Prep

In the human ABO blood groups, the A and B alleles are codominant and O is recessive. If a woman who is blood type A and a man who is blood type B have a child and the mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous, what is the probability that the child will have type AB blood?

50%

Carolus Linnaeus contributed to evolutionary thought by:

-Developing a hierarchical system for classifying species based on certain observed, shared characteristics

-Describing a drive toward complexity as the mechanism for evolutionary change

-Proposing that organic change is possible, and the Earth is older than 6000 years

-Maintaining that offspring could inherit characteristics acquired during their parent's life

-Suggesting that catastrophic events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, caused most extinctions and produced most of the Earth's features observable today

Developing a hierarchical system for classifying species based on certain observed, shared characteristics

Which of the following was NOT part of the European world view prior to the scientific revolution?

-The world was young, around 6000 years old

-Species were fixed, i.e. they could not change, go extinct, nor could new species appear.

-The world was unchanging, everything remained as it was created

-The Sun was the center of the solar system and all the planets rotated around it

-Life was organized into a great chain of being from simple to most perfect with plants at the bottom and humans at the top

The Sun was the center of the solar system and all the planets rotated around it

A zygote is:

-A gamete

-Haploid

-The result of mitosis

-None of the other answers are correct

-A fertilized ovum

A fertilized ovum

Mendel's Principle of __________ states that observable traits are passed down to offspring via particulate (discrete, non-blending) packages, one from each parent.

-Dominance

-Natural Selection

-Independent Assortment

-Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

-Segregation

Segregation

Darwin's theory of Natural Selection had two fundamental hurdles at the time of its publication, these were:

The Earth was too young; Blending inheritance removed variation from populations

In the humans, the presence of mid-digital hair is coded for by the "M" allele, which is dominant. Its absence is due to the recessive "m" allele. A child is born with mid-digital hair, and both of his parents have it. What are the genotypes of the parents? (You may want to use a Punnett's Square to help you solve this question)

-Mother MM; Father Mm.

-Mother Mm; Father MM;

-Mother: MM; Father MM.

-Mother: Mm; Father Mm.

-All of the above are possible

All of the above are possible

Eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes by the presence of:

-Cytoplasm

-Ribosomes

-A Nucleus

-A cell membrane

-DNA

A Nucleus

In humans, having "Free" earlobes is the dominant form of earlobes, caused by the "E" allele, and "Attached" earlobes are the recessive form, noted "e". If the genotype frequencies in a population are EE: 19%, Ee: 61%, ee: 20%. What is the frequency of the "Free" phenotype?

80%

Based on the following DNA template strand, and using the genetic code below (which uses mRNA codons), which of the choices is the correct sequence of amino acids?GTG GTT TGT CGC TTT GGA ACT

(It doesn't let me upload pictures, so google mRNA codon genetic code chart)

HIS GLU THR ALA LYS PRO stop

The end product of mitosis results is:

-Two genetically identical daughter cells

-23 pairs of chromosomes in each new cell

-Diploid daughter cells

-Somatic cells

-All of the above

All of the above

A codon is made up of _______ mRNA bases.

Three

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model?

-No migration is occuring

-Mating is random

-Natural selection is not acting on the population

-Population is of infinite size

-Mutation is occuring

Mutation is occuring

In observing your pea plants, you notice that tall pea plants are more likely to pollinate short ones and vice versa. This is an example of:

-Negative assortive mating

-Breeding true

-Positive assortive mating

-Inbreeding

-Natural Selection

Negative assortive mating

Which of the following is an example of a binomial?

-Sahelanthropus tchadensis

-Homo sapiens

-All of the other answers are binomials

-Orrorin tugenensis

-Ardipithecus kadaba

All of the other answers are binomials

According to the Phylogenetic Species Concept, a species:

-Is the largest diagnosable group of distinct taxa.

-Must be able to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

-Must be reproductively isolated from other groups.

-Is any group with at least one distinguishing feature.

-Must be on the verge of extinction.

Is any group with at least one distinguishing feature.

You are a dog breeder. After breeding multiple generations of dogs that have only expressed genotypes for brown and black fur, you notice a new puppy with purple fur. This is an example of:

-None of these answers are correct

-Mutation

-Migration

-Positive Assortive Matin

-Genetic Drift

Mutation

Remember the Hardy-Weinberg formula, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. For pea plants, the "T" allele is dominant and codes for tall stems, and the "t" allele is recessive and codes for short stems. In a population of pea plants, the frequency of the "T" allele is 0.8 or 80%. What will the genotype frequencies be in the next generation?

-4% TT, 32% Tt, 64% tt

-64% TT, 32% Tt, 4% tt

-80% T, 20% t

-20% T, 80% t

-80% Tt, 20% tt

64% TT, 32% Tt, 4% tt

Which of the forces of evolution adapts species to their environment:

-Natural Selection

-Gene Flow

-Mutation

-Genetic Drift

-Non-random Mating

Natural Selection

Natural selection can act in many ways on a population. One such mode is stabilizing selection, which occurs with respect to a particular trait when:

-Individuals that are closer to the population mean are equally fit with those at the extremes.

-Individuals that are closer to the extremes are more fit than those near the mean.

-When any of the other answers occur.

-Individuals that are closer to the population mean are more fit than those near the extremes.

-Individuals that are closer to one extreme are more fit than those near to the other.

A population of humans has the following genotype frequencies:

EE .01, Ee .18, ee .81

Is this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

-Yes

-No

Yes

Many of the trends in primate evolution can be thought of as related to:

-Arboreality

-Solitary lifestyle

-Nocturnality

-Endothermy

-Heterodonty

Arboreality

All of the following features are shared by Old World monkeys and apes, EXCEPT:

-Color vision

-Only 2 premolars in each quadrant

-Fully closed orbits

-A tubular ectotympanic bone

-Bilophodont molars

Bilophodont molars

Lemurs are found in which of the following geographic regions:

-India

-Africa

-South America

-SE Asia

-Madagascar

Madagascar

Placentals, marsupials, and _____________ are the three types of mammals.

-Synapsids

-Chordates

-Tetrapods

-Amniotes

-Monotremes

Monotremes

A dry nose is a distinguishing characteristic of:

-Strepsirhines

-Haplorhines

-Lorises

-Galagos

-Lemurs

Haplorhines

A skeleton that allows for flexibility and many other traits including opposable first digits and grasping ability is a trend in which of the following groups of vertebrates:

-Primate

-Avian

-Juvenile

-Reptilian

-Mammalian

Primate

Which of the following were NOT descended from the Diapsids?

-Dinosaurs

-All were descended from diapsids.

-Birds

-Mammals

-Lizards

Mammals

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is FALSE?

-In terrestrial settings, it favors the preservation of large, open country dwelling species.

-It provides an unbiased sample of past life on earth.

-Fossils are mostly found in erosive environments.

-Fossil collections are non-random samples of organisms from ancient ecosystems.

-Teeth are common.

It provides an unbiased sample of past life on earth.

The Earth's climate during the early part of the Cenozoic (Paleocene and Eocene) is best described as:

-Significantly colder and dryer than today.

-Significantly warmer and dryer than today.

-Significantly warmer and wetter than it is today.

-Pretty much the same as today.

-Significantly colder and wetter than today.

Significantly warmer and wetter than it is today.

In comparison to "archaic" primates, the Adipidae and Omomyidae were Euprimates that featured:

-Thumbs and big toes that were not (very) opposable

-Claws on all digits

-A post-orbital bar

-Smaller brains

-A shrew-type middle ear

A post-orbital bar

All of the following statements about Propliopithecids are true, EXCEPT:

-Fully formed bony orbit with post-orbital plate.

-They have a ring-like tympanic.

-They are known from Asia.

-Fused mandibular symphysis.

-2-1-2-3 dental formula.

They are known from Asia

Radiometric dating is based on the radioactive decay of a parent isotope into a daughter isotope (e.g. 40K into 40Ar) at a known rate. In a particular sample, if 1/8 of the parent isotope is left, how many half-lives have elapsed?

-None

-One

-Three

-Two

-Impossible to determine

Three

The fundamental stratigraphic principle known as the "cross-cutting relationship" suggests that the structure that cuts is _______ than the structure that is cut across.

-Older

-Softer

-Younger

-Smaller

-Harder

Younger

Which of the following statements about hominoid evolution is TRUE?

-The gibbons have an extensive fossil record, begging 15 Ma in Africa.

-They undergo a major adaptive radiation during the Middle Miocene (16-11 Ma).

-First appear in East Africa approximately 35 Ma.

-Nearly all of the Miocene genera are still extant.

-Hominoids first spread to Eurasia < 1 Ma.

They undergo a major adaptive radiation during the Middle Miocene (16-11 Ma).

Which of the following statements about Miocene Paleoclimate is FALSE?

-A land connection develops between Africa and Eurasia approxamately 20 Ma.

-Climate became generally colder after approximately 14 Ma.

-Grasslands generally expanded during the Miocene.

-The Early Miocene was generally colder than the preceeding period, the Oligocene, due to global cooling at the end of the Oligocene, ca. 26 Ma.

-The Mediterranean Basin became closed off and dried out approximately 5 Ma.

The Early Miocene was generally colder than the preceeding period, the Oligocene, due to global cooling at the end of the Oligocene, ca. 26 Ma.

Which of the following statements about the family Proconsulidae, is TRUE:

-Relatively small, strepsirhine type brain.

-Skeletal adaptations for monkey-like arboreal quadrupedal locomotion.

-Bilophodont molars.

-Known only from Asia.

-Known from the Fayum.

Skeletal adaptations for monkey-like arboreal quadrupedal locomotion.

Which of the following groups made their first appearance during the large catarrhine adaptive radiation in eastern Africa between 25-20 Ma?

-Plesiadapiforms

-Hominins

-Platyrrhines

-Hominoids

-Adapiforms

Hominoids

Based on the evidence in the fossil record, which of the following differences between humans and apes was the FIRST to evolve?

-Bipedalism.

-Use of symbolic language.

-Highly dextrous and manipulative hands.

-Large brain size.

-Reliance on material culture.

Bipedalism

Which of the following features are functionally associated with bipedalism?

-Abducted big toe.

-Short metatarsals.

-Short, broad, bowl-shaped ilium.

-Long curved foot phalanges.

-Posteriorly positioned foramen magnum

Short, broad, bowl-shaped ilium

The ___________ hypothesis is the name given to the contradictory demands between giving birth to a large-brained infant and the mechanical demands of bipedalism.

-Secondary altriciality

-Midwife's enigma

-Obstetrical dilemma

-Pelvic paradox

-None of the other answers are correct.

Obstetrical dilemma

The cranial capacities of the earliest potential hominins (e.g., Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus) are:

-Variable, but always larger than about 750 cc.

-Not presently known except for that of Sahelanthropus tchadensis which is about 350 cc.

-Unknown, but most likely smaller than those of living apes.

-The same as that for modern humans.

-Brain size is impossible to estimate in fossils, because brains do not fossilize.

Not presently known except for that of Sahelanthropus tchadensis which is about 350 cc

Which of the following statements about Australopithecus afarensis is TRUE?

-Large, thickly enameled molars and premolars

-Known from indonesia.

-Relative to its overall size, it has longer legs than apes, but shorter legs than humans.

-Pelvis is tall and thin, like an ape's.

-Prominant sagital crest

Relative to its overall size, it has longer legs than apes, but shorter legs than humans

The site of Aramis is where the partial skeleton and many other fossils of Ardipithecus ramidus have been recovered. Which of the following statements about Aramis is FALSE?

-It has been reconstructed as a heavily wooded environment.

-Fossils found there show evidence for carnivore ravaging.

-The nearby site of Gona seems to represent a more wooded habitat than Aramis.

-It has been dated by radiometric means to 4.4 million years old.

-Among large mammal fossils colobine monkeys and tragelaphin bovids predominate.

The nearby site of Gona seems to represent a more wooded habitat than Aramis

Which of the following hominins is NOT known from eastern Africa?

-Australopithecus deyiremeda

-Australopithecus afarensis

-Ardipithecus ramidus

-All of the other answers are correct.

-Australopithecus bahrelgazali

Australopithecus bahrelgazali

Which of the following statements about our current understanding of Ardipithecus ramidus paleobiology is correct?

-It made and used stone tools.

-It had a low level of male-male competition.

-It had a fully modern, striding, bipedal gait.

-It was no better at arboreal locomotion than modern humans.

-It had a diet mostly based on savanna foods such as grass.

It had a low level of male-male competition

Choose the answer below that places the following in the correct order of canine size from LARGEST TO SMALLEST:

-Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Ardipithecus ramidus, Homo sapiens.

-Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Homo sapiens, Ardipithecus ramidus.

-Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males), Ardipithecus ramidus, Homo sapiens.

-Homo sapiens, Ardipithecus ramidus, Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males).

-Ardipithecus ramidus, Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males), Homo sapiens.

Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Ardipithecus ramidus, Homo sapiens

Which of the following features is present in the postcranium of Australopithecus afarensis?:

-Scapula rotated so the shoulder joint is oriented superiorly.

-Tall, narrow, flat ilium.

-Long lower limbs similar in proportion to those of modern humans.

-Unlike modern humans, the femur did not have a valgus angle.

-An enlarged birth canal compared to that of chimpanzees.

Scapula rotated so the shoulder joint is oriented superiorly

In response to changing climates and vegetation in Africa around 2.5 million years ago, it has been suggested that:

-Both Paranthropus and early Homo evolved large brains.

-Paranthropus dispersed to Eurasia, while early Homo became more arboreal.

-Paranthropus evolved large molars and premolars, while Homo developed stone tools.

-Both Paranthropus and early Homo became efficient hunters

-Early Homo evolved large molars, while Paranthropus evolved large brains.

Paranthropus evolved large molars and premolars, while Homo developed stone tools.

Homo habilis (sensu lato) specimens possess all of the following traits, EXCEPT:

-Well-developed arches in the foot.

-Generally, brain size is absolutely larger than Australopithecus.

-Molars overlapping in size with the smaller Australopithecus fossils.

-Canines projecting beyond the tooth row.

-Australopithecus-like limb proportions.

Canines projecting beyond the tooth row

Which of the following statements is FALSE?:

-A larger temporal fossa implies a smaller temporalis muscle.

-Large molar teeth are related to a large, anteriorly positioned, sagittal crest.

-An anteriorly positioned zygomatic arch increases the leverage of the masseter muscle.

-The posterior portion of the temporalis muscle has maximum mechanical leverage on the incisor teeth.

-The masseter muscle has its maximum mechanical advantage on the molar teeth.

A larger temporal fossa implies a smaller temporalis muscle

Which of the following statements about Oldowan Tools is TRUE:

-Flakes were just left over from shaping core and not used.

-They can only have been made by Homo habilis.

-Generally produced by "soft hammer" method.

-Evidence shows they were used to process large mammal carcasses.

-They provide proof for hunting.

Evidence shows they were used to process large mammal carcasses

Choose the answer below that places the following in the correct order of canine size from LARGEST TO SMALLEST:

-Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Ardipithecus kadaba, Paranthropus robustus.

-Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Paranthropus robustus, Ardipithecus kadaba.

-Ardipithecus kadaba, Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males), Paranthropus robustus.

-Paranthropus robustus, Ardipithecus kadaba, Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males).

-Pan troglodytes (females), Pan troglodytes (males), Ardipithecus kadaba, Paranthropus robustus.

Pan troglodytes (males), Pan troglodytes (females), Ardipithecus kadaba, Paranthropus robustus.

Some researchers consider Homo rudolfensis to be a distinct species of early Homo. If this is correct, which of the following statements is FALSE?

-H. rudolfensis had larger overall dentition than H. habilis (sensu stricto).

-H. rudolfensis may have had a grasping foot.

-H. rudolfensis had a larger brain than H. habilis (sensu stricto).

-H. rudolfensis is most likely the one that made Oldowan tools, not H. habilis (sensu stricto).

-H. rusolfensis occurs at some of the same sites as H. habilis (sensu stricto).

H. rudolfensis is most likely the one that made Oldowan tools, not H. habilis (sensu stricto)

Which of the following statements about Paranthropus robustus is FALSE?

-It has a prognathic face.

-It is known from geologically younger sites than Australopithecus africanus.

-Males of P. robustus have a sagittal crest.

-It is known from South Africa.

-It has small incisor teeth.

It has a prognathic face

Cultural innovations found in Homo erectus sites include:

-Cave paintings.

-Mousterian tools.

-Control of fire.

-Domesticated animals.

-Remains of boats.

Control of fire

For which of the following species is there evidence that they buried their dead?:

-Homo erectus

-Homo neanderthalensis

-Homo heidelbergensis

-Homo habilis

-None of these species buried their dead.

Homo neanderthalensis

Which of the following bodily tissues is most metabolically costly?

-Nerve.

-Fat.

-Skeletal muscle.

-Skin.

-Bone.

Nerve

H. erectus specimens exhibit all of the following morphological characteristics, EXCEPT:

-Larger teeth than Homo sapiens .

-Modern human-like bodily proportions.

-Very thick cranial vault bones.

-Less prognathic than Homo habilis.

-Larger molar teeth than H. habilis (sensu lato).

Larger molar teeth than H. habilis (sensu lato)

Neanderthals are known from:

-East Africa.

-East Asia.

-South Africa.

-Southeast Asia.

-Europe.

Europe

Compared to Homo erectus, H. heidelbergensis shows:

-Higher forehead.

-Smaller molars and premolars.

-More rounded neurocranium.

-Larger brain size.

-All of the other answers are correct.

All of the other answers are correct

Which of the following suites of cranial traits is most closely associated with Neanderthals?

-Anterior sagittal crest, pronounced postorbital constriction, large molars.

-Large nose, large brain size, occipital bun.

-Very small brain size, short stature, many dental anomalies.

-Angled occiput, supraorbital sulcus, cranial vault widest at base.

-Canine fossa, vertical forehead, chin.

Large nose, large brain size, occipital bun

From oldest to youngest age in the fossil record, which of the following places these hominins in the correct order?

-Homo floresiensis, H. habilis, H. neanderthalensis, H. erectus.

-Homo habilis, H. floresiensis, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis.

-Homo floresiensis, H. habilis, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis.

-Homo habilis, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis.

-Homo neanderthalensis, H. habilis, H. erectus, H. floresiensis.

Homo habilis, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, H. floresiensis

The earliest fossil evidence for H. sapiens is from approximately:

-50 Ka.

-100 Ka.

-3 Ka.

-300 Ka.

-27 Ka.

300 Ka

Mitochondrial DNA:

-Has a slower rate of evolution than most nuclear DNA.

-Is uneffected by the molecular clock.

-Has a larger effective population size than do nuclear genes.

-Does not undergo recombination during fertilization.

-Is paternally inherited.

Does not undergo recombination during fertilization.

Which of the following statements accurately reflect the hypotheses of the Out of Africa (=Replacement) model?

-Specific resemblances between fossils and modern people in a particular region are convergent.

-All of the other answers are correct.

-Modern people in China are closely related to Middle Pleistocene fossils from China.

-Gene flow between regional populations of humans prevented speciation during the Late Pleistocene.

-Modern human racial and other variation is relatively ancient, dating from the Mid-Pleistocene.

Specific resemblances between fossils and modern people in a particular region are convergent.

Which of the following statements about Neanderthal mtDNA is TRUE?

-mtDNA sequences allegedly from Neanderthals are probably just those of the people who have handled the fossils since there discovery.

-mtDNA sequences are known from several Neanderthal individuals.

-All of the above.

-mtDNA sequences from Neanderthals indicate that there was a high level of gene flow between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans.

-mtDNA sequences from Neanderthals cluster with those of modern humans, especially those from Europe.

mtDNA sequences are known from several Neanderthal individuals

In the human ABO blood groups, the A and B alleles are codominant and ) is recessive. If a woman who is blood type A and a man who is also blood type A have a child and they are both heterozygous, what is the probability that the child will not have type A blood?

25%

Charles Lyell influenced Darwin's thinking by suggesting that

Processes that had shaped the Earth in the past are the same ones seen today.

Which of the following was not part of the European world view prior to the scientific revolution?

The sun was the center of the solar system and all the planets rotated around it

Which of the following statements about the human karyotype is true?

It has 22 pairs of autosomes

Mendel used pea plants that "bred true". Breeding true means:

When a pea plant is self fertilized, its offspring will always have the same trait

In the humans, the presence of mid-digital hair is coded for by the "M" allele, which is dominant. Its absence is due to the recessive "m" allele. A child is born without mid-digital hair, but both of his parents have it. What are the genotypes of the parents? (You may want to use a Punnett's Square to help you solve this question)

Mother: Mm; Father Mm.

Which of the following statements about evolutionary change via natural selection is true?

It requires the necessary condition that individuals within a population vary, and that some of that variation is favorable

Which cellular structure is responsible for generating ATP as a source of chemical energy?

Mitochondrion

In humans, having "Free" earlobes is the dominant form of earlobes cased by the E allele, and "attatched" earlobes are the recessive form, noted e. If the genoptype frequencies in a population are EE: 64% Ee 32% and ee 4% what is the frequency of the Free phenotype

96%

Meiosis explains mendel's principle of independent assortment because

Traits sort independently if they lie on seperate chromosomes, because which chromosome ends up in a gamete is random

Based on the following DNA template strand, and using the genetic code below (which uses mRNA codons), which of the choices is the correct sequence of amino acids? CTA AAG AGT ACC CTG ACT

ASP PHE SER TRY ASP ASP stop (there's a table for this)

A particular protein sequence has the normal amino acid sequence of cystein-glutamine-serine. A point mutation occurs in the template strand of the DNA and the sequence changes to cystein-glutamine-proline. Use the genetic code below to determine which nucleotide in the template strand of DNA experienced the point mutation, and which base was changed.

U to C at the 3rd codon at the 1st base (has table for this)

The double helical structure of DNA

Allows for information storage

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding mitosis

It is generally the process by which a multicellular organism grows

James D. Watson is best known for

being one of the first to describe the molecular structure of DNA

The "New Synthesis" was responsible for a major theoretical advance in biology. That advance was

it integrated the mendelian inheritance and population genetics with Darwinian natural selection into a coherent evolutionary theory

Which of the following aspects of the pre-scientific European worldview was disproven by the observations of Galileo Galilei?

-Life was organized into a great chain of being from simple to most perfect with plants at the bottom and humans at the top

-Species were fixed, i.e. they could not change, go extinct, nor could new species appear.

-The world was young, around 6000 years old

-The world was unchanging, everything remained as it was created

- The Earth was the center of the universe and all other objects rotated around it

The Earth was the center of the universe and all other objects rotated around it

Mendel's Principle of __________ states that genetic packages originating from each parent are all equally likely to be passed down to offspring and the inheritance of one trait does not affect the other.

- Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

- Segregation

- Natural Selection

- Independent Assortment

- Dominance

Independent Assortment

In the humans, the presence of mid-digital hair is coded for by the "M" allele, which is dominant. Its absence is due to the recessive "m" allele. A child is born without mid-digital hair. His mother lacks it, but his father has it. What are the genotypes of the parents? (You may want to use a Punnett's Square to help you solve this question)

-Mother: MM; Father MM.

-Mother mm; Father Mm;

-Mother: Mm; Father Mm.

-Mother MM; Father mm.

-Mother mm; Father MM;

Mother mm; Father Mm;

Which of the following is necessary for natural selection to occur?

-Many disasters which kill many species

-Migration into new environments

-Unlimited supply of food

-A built-in drive for perfection

-Advantageous or disadvantageous traits must be heritable

Advantageous or disadvantageous traits must be heritable

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a feature of the nucleus?

- Found in eukaryotic cells

- Is the largest organelle within a cell

- Is the site of translation during protein synthesis

- Stores genetic material or DNA

-Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Is the site of translation during protein synthesis

In humans, having "Free" earlobes is the dominant form of earlobes, caused by the "E" allele, and "Attached" earlobes are the recessive form, noted "e". If the genotype frequencies in a population are EE: 16%, Ee: 68%, ee: 16%. What is the frequency of the "Free" phenotype?

-84%

-68%

-32%

-16%

-100%

84%

The "double-helical" structure of DNA:

- Is highly complex, like that of most types of RNA.

- All of the other answers are true

- Allows for information storage

- Prevents information transfer

- Bonds between the bases prevent the helicase enzyme from "unzipping" the strands

Allows for information storage

During mitosis, anaphase is:

-When chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

-When chromosomes form in the nucleus and the cell prepares for division.

-None of the other answers are correct

-When the chromosomes migrate to the poles of the cells.

-When chromosomes are cordoned off in new nuclei in the emerging daughter cells.

When the chromosomes migrate to the poles of the cells.

A codon is made up of _______ mRNA bases.

-Two

-Six

-Three

-Four

-Five

Three

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model?

-Mutation is occurring

-Population is of infinite size

-Mating is random

-Natural selection is not acting on the population

-No migration is occurring

Mutation is occurring

The population of Pitcairn Island was founded by a small number of Europeans (9 mutineers) and Polynesians (12 women). As a result, the Pitcairn Island population has a high frequency of traits are rare in both Europe and Polynesia. This is an example of which evolutionary force?

-Negative Assortive Mating.

-Natural Selection.

-None of the above.

-Migration.

-Genetic Drift.

Genetic Drift

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism?

-Adults that result from mating have reduced fertility.

-Adults that result from mating are sterile.

-Having reproductive morphology that prevents mating, such as reciprocal penile and vaginal shape.

-None of the other answers are prezygotic isolating mechanisms.

-When mating occurs, the resulting embryo is inviable and dies.

Having reproductive morphology that prevents mating, such as reciprocal penile and vaginal shape.

Gene Flow has which of the following effects on a population:

-Adapts species to their environments

-Increases the variation within populations and decreases differences among populations

-Is one source of new variation

-Reduces the variation within populations and increases differences among populations

-All of the above

Increases the variation within populations and decreases differences among populations

Remember the Hardy-Weinberg formula, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. PTC tasters have the dominant form of the trait which is carried by T. In a specific population of people, 84% are PTC tasters. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to estimate the genotype frequencies in this population and choose the best possible answer.

-TT 16%, Tt 48%, tt 36%

-TT 4%, Tt 32%, tt 64%

-TT 16%, Tt 68%, tt 16%

-TT 64%, Tt 32%, tt 4%

-TT 36%, Tt 48%, tt 16%

TT 36%, Tt 48%, tt 16%

The effect of natural selection on a population is to:

-The only source of new variation

-Decrease the frequency of favorable alleles

-Increase variation within populations

-Increase the frequency of favorable alleles

-Decrease the variation among populations

Increase the frequency of favorable alleles

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

-An adaptive radiation is when a single ancestral species gives rise to a large number of descendant species.

-Allopatric speciation occurs when a small, peripheral population is isolated and evolves much more rapidly than the main population due to drift, inbreeding, and selection.

-An evolutionary trend is when directional change occurs over a long period of time.

-Convergent evolution occurs when two groups of organisms are similar because they have each independently evolved those similarities.

-Extinction occurs when there are no surviving individuals of a species.

Allopatric speciation occurs when a small, peripheral population is isolated and evolves much more rapidly than the main population due to drift, inbreeding, and selection.

A population of humans has the following genotype frequencies: EE .50, Ee 0.0, ee.50 - Is this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

-No

-Yes

No