amylolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, enterocyte, + ruminal response to starch

2 types of amylases

alpha + beta amylase

what are the enzymes that the amylolytic bacteria produce?

alpha + beta amylase, glucoamylase, maltase, isomaltase, + pullulonase

Alpha amylase?

endoenzyme - hydrolyzes alpha bonds on the inside of the molecule

does it on oligosaccharides

beta amylase?

exoenzyme

produces maltose, maltotriose + isomaltose

What is produced from starch with glucoamylase?

glucose

What is produced with maltase?

maltose + isomaltose

What is produced with isomaltase?

isomaltose + maltotriose

What is pullolanase & what does it do?

a debranching enzyme

hydrolyzes 1,6 bonds

Cellulolytic bacteria + what is the optimal pH?

cellulose complex with optimal pH of 6.5-6.8

2 types of gluconases from cellulolytic bacteria?

1. endogluconase

2. exogluconase

What does exogluconase produce from cellulose?

1 glucose

What does endogluconase produce from cellulose?

oligosaccharides

What are the 6 enzymes produced from cellulolytic bacteria?

1. exogluconase

2. endogluconase

3. cellobiase

4. cellobiosiclase

5. cellobiohydrolase

6. cellulodextrinase

What does cellulodextrinase produce from cellulose?

1 glucose

What do cellobiohydrolase & cellobiosiclase produce from oligosaccharides?

cellobiose

What does cellobiase produce from cellobiose?

2 glucose molecules

What does the central lacteal do?

absorbs lipids

When fasting, what does the enterocyte do?

The enterocyte removes glucose from the blood.

When fed, what does the enterocyte do?

The enterocyte adds glucose to the blood.

What are the 7 ruminal responses to starch?

1. increase VFA production

2. increase MPL production

3. increase MCP production

4. decrease in A:P

5. decrease in CH4

6. decrease in ruminal pH

7. decrease in SCHO digestion

Is NCHO more digestible and fermentable? Does it increase ATP available to the mammal?

Yes & Yes