1.6 Lipids

_______are one of the two building blocks of neutral fats and are non-polar chains of carbon and hydrogen with a _______

Fatty Acids, carboxylic acid end.

______ those compounds without double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Saturated fatty acids

Neutral Fats:

1 molecule of glycerol in combination with 1, 2 or 3 molecules of fatty acids

Next to glucose, fats are the

second most important energy molecules for us

Glycerol

• - one fatty acid attached to a glycerol.

• - two fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

• - three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

• Monoglyceride Diglyceride Triglycerisde

How many water molecules are produced in the dehydration synthesis reaction that produces 1 neutral fat?

3

Sterolds:

compounds such as sex hormones,

cholesterol, and some of the ingredients of bile. Instead of a straight chain of carbon, steroids are non-polar ring structures. They are insoluble in water therefore considered a lipid.

The Heads of phospholipids are polar and are said to be_______ The Tails of the phospholipids are non polar and are said to be ______

water loving. (Hydrophilic), water hating. (Hydrophobic)

Saturated fatty acids those compounds

without double bonds between the carbon atoms

Other fatty acids are unsaturated (compound with

double bonds between carbon atoms).

Phospholipids are a variation of a triglyceride where one of the 3 fatty acids is replaced with a

phosphate and a nitrogen-containing group

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

One glycerol and three fatty acids

How is a fat molecule formed from fatty acids?

Through dehydration synthesis

What is the importance of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

It forms a protective cover around nerve fibers.

Which lipid functions as a long-term energy source, insulation, and padding?

Neutral fats

Which compound is mentioned as an example of a steroid?

Cholesterol

What are the three main types of lipids mentioned in the content?

Fats, phospholipids, steroids

What are the water-loving heads of phospholipids called?

Hydrophilic

What is one of the main building block of neutral fats?

Fatty acids

What happens when there is too much cholesterol in the body?

 Increased blood pressure

What is the function of phospholipids in cells?

Formation of cell membranes