Pharmacology for Pain-Analgesics/Medications to Treat Headaches/Anesthetics

A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed tramadol. The nurse notes that the client is also taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depression. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first based on this information? *Tramadol: atypical opioid; risk for serotonin syndrome with SSRIs/MAOIs, seizures, respiratory depression, dizziness, and sedation.

Assess the client for manifestations of serotonin syndrome.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) and is experiencing severe migraine headaches that are non-responsive to acetaminophen. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering for pain management? *Butorphanol: opioid agonist-antagonist used for moderate to severe pain; can cause sedation, dizziness, respiratory depression, and withdrawal in opioid-dependent clients.

Butorphanol

A nurse is reviewing the use of naloxone for the treatment of opioid overdose with a group of nursing students. The nurse should explain that naloxone is indicated for which of the following conditions for a client who has used opioids?

Respiratory depression

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who will be taking acetaminophen for fever management at home. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the instructions related to acetaminophen use?

"I will make sure to check the labels of my cold medications to avoid taking extra acetaminophen."

A nurse is reviewing the medication orders for a client who has been prescribed morphine for pain management. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse recognize as contraindicated to morphine administration? (Select all that apply.)

Morphine + benzo = respiratory depression

Morphine + COPD = decreased respiratory drive

Morphine + MAOI = CNS depression

Morphine + substance use disorder = dependence

The client is currently taking a benzodiazepine for anxiety.; The client has a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).; The client has a history of substance use disorder.; The client is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) for depression.

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is scheduled for surgery and has a documented history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following analgesic medication should the nurse anticipate avoiding postoperatively due to the risk of decreased respiratory drive?

Morphine

A nurse is reviewing the available prescribed medication for a client who experiences chronic pain and has been diagnosed with depression. Which of the following medications, known to alleviate pain while potentially enhancing mood, should the nurse expect to administer?

Tramadol - atypical opioid that relieves pain and may enhance mood by affecting serotonin and norepinephrin

A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed gabapentin. For which of the following conditions should the nurse understand that gabapentin is indicated? (Select all that apply.) *gabapentin use for neuropathic pain

Restless legs syndrome.; Postherpetic neuralgia.; Diabetic neuropathy.; Seizure management.

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed opioids for pain management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include to minimize the risk of opioid dependency and enhance safety?

"Use opioids for the shortest duration possible and consider tapering off when pain severity decreases."

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing acute pain following a surgical procedure. Which of the following physiological responses should the nurse expect? a physiological stress response, which includes increased blood pressure.

Increased blood pressure

A nurse is participating in selecting a pain relief medication for a client who has active peptic ulcer disease. Considering the client's gastric condition, which of the following medications should the nurse identify is contraindicated for the client?

Ketorolac

A nurse is preparing to administer a local anesthetic to a client who is scheduled for a minor surgical procedure on the lower leg. Which of the following forms of lidocaine should the nurse anticipate to use for this client?

Lidocaine topical gel

A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed tramadol for moderate pain management. Which of the following client conditions should alert the nurse to the potential need for alternative medication?

Bipolar disorder

A nurse is assessing a client who reports experiencing chronic pain. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse recognize as indicative of neuropathic pain? (Select all that apply.)

Burning sensation in the affected area.; Electric shock-like pain when touching the affected area.; Intermittent episodes of pins and needles sensation.; Pain in a limb that is no longer present.

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed tramadol for postoperative pain. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to include to prevent serious adverse effects? (Tramadol = serotonergic atypical opioid / SSRIs, MAOIs, epilepsy, RR <12 / serotonin syndrome, seizure risk, respiratory depression)

"Monitor the respiratory rate, and if it falls below 12 breaths per minute, stimulate breathing and seek medical assistance."

A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed FDA-approved cannabinoid analogs for the management of chronic pain. Which of the following points should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

"Take only the recommended amount of cannabis edible, as the onset of action may take up to 2 hours.";"Inhale vaporized cannabis as needed, with onset of action occurring within minutes.";"Start with a low dose and gradually increase as needed to find the appropriate dose for your pain management."

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone surgery and is experiencing acute pain. Which of the following strategies should the nurse prioritize to effectively manage the client's acute pain?

Utilize multimodal analgesia, including both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.

60-year-old client is recovering from abdominal surgery for bowel obstruction. Click to highlight the findings that indicate the client is experiencing an adverse effect of their new prescription.

Respiratory rate 10/min.; Oxygen saturation 91% on room air.; Client drowsy, slow to respond but arousable.; Shallow respirations noted.

A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed tramadol for postoperative pain management following a cholecystectomy. Which of the following client conditions should alert the nurse to consult with the provider before administering tramadol?

The client has a documented history of epilepsy. (Epilepsy = recurrent seizures/Tramadol lowers seizure threshold)

A nurse is preparing to administer ketorolac to a client for postoperative pain management. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse recognize as a contraindication? a history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to the increased risk of severe gastrointestinal adverse effects

The client has a documented history of peptic ulcer disease.

3 days ago:Temperature 37.0℃ (98.6℉)Blood pressure 126/74 mm HgHeart rate 75/minRespiratory rate 18/minOxygen saturation 97% Room AirToday:Temperature 37.0℃ (98.6℉)Blood pressure 138/84 mm HgHeart rate 78/minRespiratory rate 16/minOxygen saturation 97% Room Air. 3 days ago:Client presents to the clinic after sustaining an injury from exercise. Client reports they have been lifting weights and began experiencing low back pain after lifting weight that was too heavy for them. Client evaluated by the provider and sent home with recommendations to take ibuprofen as needed for pain and return to the office if pain is not improving.Today:Client presents for follow up. States they have not been exercising but the muscular pain in their low back is not improving. Client states they have been using the ibuprofen as needed but it isn't helping. Client evaluated by provider and prescribed a lidocaine patch. Select all

"This medication will cause numbness at the application site.";"Do not apply the medication over broken skin.";"You may experience irritation at the application site.";"Wash your hands after applying the medication."

A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed tramadol for chronic pain. Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize as contraindicated for concurrent use with tramadol due to the risk of a hypertensive crisis?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) = antidepressant / hypertensive crisis & serotonin syndrome risk with tramadol or SSRIs. With tramadol, too much serotonin/norepinephrine → hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome, seizures

A nurse is reviewing the potential adverse effects of medications with a client who has been prescribed both acetaminophen for pain management and ketorolac for inflammation. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report immediately? (Select all that apply.)

Development of a widespread rash or skin peeling.; Onset of confusion or seizures.; Signs of an allergic reaction such as swelling of the face or difficulty breathing. (ex: Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic neuropathy who reports persistent neuropathic pain. Which medication should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed to manage the client's pain based on its mechanism of action? All for Neuropathic pait but Gabapetin is #1

Gabapentin (= anticonvulsant + nerve pain medication)

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing opioid-induced constipation. The provider has prescribed an opioid antagonist to manage this condition. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?

Methylnaltrexone (= opioid constipation treatment / but analgesia maintained)

Client reports acute wrist pain following a fall. 

Visible swelling and warmth at injury site, indicating localized inflammation and potential nociceptor activation. Pain is rated at 7 out of 10 on a 0 to 10 scale. 

Limited movement ability at the right wrist. Which of the following physiological processes contribute to the patient's acute wrist pain? Select all that apply.

Release of prostaglandins (= pain sensitivity). ; The release of inflammatory mediators bradykinin and histamine.; Increased blood flow to the area, resulting in swelling and redness.; Direct stimulation of nociceptors due to tissue injury.

A nurse is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis with moderate joint pain and a history of peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following medications for pain management would be most appropriate for this client?

Celecoxib, a second-generation NSAID, selectively blocks COX 2 is a safe choice.

A client presents to the clinic with complaints of sharp pain in the arm and tingling in the fingers after a recent cervical spine injury. The nurse notes that the pain follows a specific nerve path. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse suspect?

Cervical radiculopathy

A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who has been prescribed celecoxib for osteoarthritis. Considering the side effects of celecoxib, which of the following laboratory results should the nurse report to the provider immediately? (advesrse: renal effects, sodium/water retention, hyperkalemia)

Serum potassium 5.8 mEq/L (Hyperkalemia = cardiac risk)

A nurse is caring for a client who reports neuropathic pain following a diagnosis of uncontrolled diabetes. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse recognize as a characteristic of neuropathic pain?

A burning and prickling 'pins and needles' sensation

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed an opioid medication for chronic pain management. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to include regarding the prevention of serious adverse effects?

"Be aware of signs of respiratory depression, such as difficulty breathing or extreme drowsiness, and seek medical attention immediately if they occur."

A nurse is preparing to administer pain medication to a postoperative client. Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize as an opioid agonist?

Morphine

A nurse is preparing to administer butorphanol to a client for pain management. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate prior to administration?

Assess the client's opioid history to evaluate the risk of precipitating withdrawal.

A nurse is providing care to a client experiencing chronic pain.Based on the type of pain the client is experiencing, determine if the pharmacological agent is indicated or not indicated for the client. Pharmacological agents such as cannabis, gabapentin, and duloxetine are indicated for management of neuropathic type pain. T

Duloxetine - Indicated.; Gabapentin - Indicated.; Naloxone - Not indicated.; Cannabis - Indicated.; Ibuprofen - Not indicated.; Lidocaine Patch - Not indicated.

A nurse is educating a client on the safe use of acetaminophen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

"Do not exceed more than 4 grams of acetaminophen per day to avoid the risk of liver damage.";"Read medication labels carefully to avoid taking other products that contain acetaminophen.";"Notify your provider if your discomfort or fever does not improve within three days of taking acetaminophen.";"Base the dosage for children on the manufacturer's recommendations related to age and weight."

A nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who has received sedative-hypnotic medications during a procedure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching?

"Advance your diet as tolerated to avoid experiencing significant nausea and vomiting."

A nurse is caring for a client. Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. "The nurse should first address the client's ______ by ______."

The nurse should first address the client's hypotension by initiating an IV fluid bolus.

A nurse is monitoring a client who received fentanyl during surgery. Which of the following medication effects should the nurse prioritize for immediate intervention?

Respiratory depression

A nurse is caring for a client who received a barbiturate during a surgical procedure and exhibits muscle twitching and coughing after the procedure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first in response to these manifestations? “Barbiturates = strong CNS depressants with major respiratory risk”

Prepare to assist with ventilation. (the priority finding is muscle twitching and coughing, which can affect the ability to ventilate the client)

A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who is scheduled to receive a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent during surgery. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering concurrently to prevent bradycardia? 응급삽관시 근육마비약 (Succinylcholine = rapid intubation paralysis drug) 으로 인한 서맥 방지 위해서 concurrently 주는약 찾

Atropine (an anticholinergic medication, is often coadministered with succinylcholine in children to prevent bradycardia, as their cardiac output is dependent upon a higher heart rate.)

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who received a benzodiazepine during a procedure. Which of the following statements should the nurse include to ensure the client's safety after discharge?

"You should have someone assist you with ambulation after the procedure due to the risk of falls." -Due to the risk of falls

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client that is allergic to ketamine and will receive a sedative-hypnotic medication during a procedure. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about the effects of the medication?

"You may experience pain when the medication is injected, but it will quickly subside." -Propofol and etomidate can cause pain when injected, and the client should be that this pain is transient and should quickly subside.

A nurse is discussing postoperative care with a client who will be receiving synthetic opioids for pain management during surgery. The nurse should emphasize which of the following instructions as important for the client to follow after the procedure?

"Notify the nurse if you experience nausea or vomiting."- Nausea and vomiting are potential side effects of synthetic opioid administration, and the client should be instructed to notify the nurse if these effects occur so that antinausea medications can be administered.

The nurse is caring for a client. 32-year-oldProcedure: laparoscopic appendectomy. Postoperative pain management: ketamine infusion 0.1 mg/kg/hr. 1600: 

Client is increasingly agitated; reports seeing "shadow people" in the room. Client is having difficulty distinguishing between reality and halluc. Which of the following orders by the provider should the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

Monitor vital signs closely; Administer lorazepam 2 mg IV for agitation -the client is experiencing an adverse effect of ketamine which includes hallucin ations and disorientation

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is scheduled to receive a barbiturate for a neurosurgical procedure. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication to the use of barbiturates?

The client has a history of porphyria. - a history of porphyria should not receive barbiturates due to the risk of exacerbating the condition and causing an accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the body.

A nurse is monitoring a client who has received propofol for sedation during a mechanical ventilation procedure. Which of the following findings should prompt the nurse to consider a dose reduction of propofol?

The client's blood pressure has decreased significantly since administration. -Hypotension is an adverse effect of propofol.-Hypotension is an adverse effect of propofol

A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing a procedure with sedative-hypnotic medications. Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize has the unique property of providing analgesia in addition to sedation?

Ketamine - a sedative-hypnotic medication that has the unique property of providing analgesia in addition to sedation

32-year-oldWeight 70 kg (154.3 lb)No reported allergiesHealthy, G2P1, 39 weeks of gestation. 0630:

Client received an epidural bolus of 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine for labor analgesia. Procedure uncomplicated. 0632:

Client reports tingling around their mouth and a metallic taste.

0635:

Client becomes anxious and reports visual changes. 0638:

Client exhibits muscle twitching and becomes confused.

.

The client is most likely experiencing local anesthetic systemic toxicity as a result of intravascular bupivacaine.-This can occur in pregnancy since the surrounding veins are engorged and the catheter tip can migrate.

A nurse is caring for a client in the postanesthesia care unit who has a history of severe postoperative nausea and vomiting. Which of the following anesthetic medication should the nurse anticipate was likely used as an alternative to inhaled anesthetics for this client?

Propofol-an intravenous anesthetic with antiemetic properties and is a likely alternative for clients who have a history of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

A nurse is preparing to administer a neuromuscular blocking agent to a client who requires endotracheal intubation. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering if the client has a history of chronic kidney failure?

Rocuronium - a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset and is suitable for clients who have renal impairment as it does not have active metabolites that accumulate in the bloodstream.

A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing anesthesia. The anesthesia provider is aiming to maintain the client in Stage 3 of anesthesia. Which of the following observations by the nurse indicates that the client is appropriately maintained in Stage 3 anesthesia?

The client is deeply asleep with spontaneous breathing.

A nurse is caring for a client who has just received intravenous fentanyl for postoperative pain. Which of the following client observations should be the priority due to the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl?

Monitoring the client's respiratory rate and depth of breathing immediately and several min after administration

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who has received intramuscular ketamine for sedation. Which of the following nursing assessments is the priority to perform immediately following administration?

Monitoring the client for level of sedation-The greatest risk to this client is excessive CNS depression.

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is scheduled to receive midazolam before a monitored anesthesia care procedure. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication to the use of midazolam?

The client has a history of acute angle-closure glaucoma. Midazolam = benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepine contraindication = acute angle-closure glaucoma

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has received midazolam during a surgical procedure. Which of the following potential adverse effects should the nurse monitor for due to the increased risk associated with the client's age group?

Postoperative delirium -Clinical guidelines suggest caution whent benzodiazepines to older adults

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing opioid toxicity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take based on the pharmacokinetics of naloxone?

Administer intravenous naloxone immediately to reverse respiratory depression.

A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing a procedure requiring sedation and will be receiving propofol for the sedation. The nurse should recognize that the primary mechanism of action for propofol is related to which of the following neurotransmitter systems in the CNS?

It antagonizes the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, causing dissociation from wakefulness.

A nurse is discussing the selection of induction agents for general anesthesia with a group of nursing students. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as an indication for the use of etomidate over propofol?

A client who has severely depressed cardiac function or hypotension-it confers greater cardiac and hemodynamic stability compared to propofol.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a traumatic brain injury and requires sedation for a procedure. The provider has decided to use propofol. The nurse understands that one of the beneficial effects of propofol for this client is related to which of the following?

Propofol decreases the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, which may reduce intracranial pressure.

A nurse is caring for a client who has received midazolam for a procedure and is experiencing prolonged sedation. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer to reverse the effects of midazolam? *Midazolam = benzodiazepine sedation 진정시키고 기억을 흐리게 하는 약+ respiratory depression risk

Flumazenil- the reversal agent for benzodiazepines such as midazolam

A nurse is preparing to administer fentanyl as premedication for a client who is scheduled for laryngoscopy and intubation. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse recognize as a contraindication to the use of fentanyl?

The client is currently taking MAOIs. -due to the risk of serotonin syndrome

A nurse is reviewing the use of benzodiazepines in the perioperative setting. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the use of midazolam for general anesthesia?

"Midazolam is commonly used for general anesthesia due to its fast onset and short elimination half-life."

The nurse is caring for a client scheduled for an elective cesarean birth.28-year-oldG1P0, 39 weeks of gestationNo known diagnosed allergiesNo significant medical historyHeight 165.1 cm (65 in)Weight 75 kg (165.3 lb).Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) administered spinal anesthesia with 1.8 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25 mcg of intrathecal fentanyl. Select the 3 findings that require immediate follow-up.

Wheezing; Facial edema; Stridor-Wheezing -Lower airway narrowing-Respiratory distress/Stridor-Upper airway obstruction-Emergency/Facial edema-Possible angioedema, anaphylaxis-Emergency

A nurse is providing education to a client who will be receiving benzodiazepines as part of their anesthetic regimen. Which of the following instructions is important for the nurse to include regarding client safety with postprocedure care?

"You should avoid consuming alcohol or taking opioids with benzodiazepines."

A nurse is performing medication reconciliation for a client who is being admitted. Which of the following options is one of the purposes of medication reconciliation?

To identify duplicate medications

A nurse is preparing to administer a routinely scheduled medication to a client. Using the medication principle of Right Time, when should the nurse plan to administer this medication?

Within 30 min of the prescribed or scheduled time

A nurse is discussing medication incompatibility with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

"Chemical incompatibilities occur at the molecular level."

A nurse is educating a client about the potential adverse effects of their new medications. Which of the following findings is an example of an adverse effect?

The client experiences hives after taking an opioid for pain control.

A nurse is teaching a client who has migraine headaches and a prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following is the priority for the client to monitor and report?

Peripheral edema-Heart failure, an adverse effect of metoprolol, can be identified by peripheral edema

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute migraine headaches. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to be most effective at treating the client's migraines?

Sumatriptan- a serotonin agonist (triptan) that is specifically indicated for the acute treatment of migraine headaches due to its vasoconstrictive properties and ability to block pain pathways associated with migraines.

The nurse is reviewing the client's medication record prior to administering verapamil. How will the nurse classify each factor reported by the client in relation to verapamil therapy? History of sick sinus syndrome

Contraindication to verapamil

The nurse is reviewing the client's medication record prior to administering verapamil. How will the nurse classify each factor reported by the client in relation to verapamil therapy?

Contraindication: Histtory of Sick sinus syndrome,

Requries: Current use of hydrochlorothiazide, mild bradycardia.

No Special: Known medication allergies to penicillin,History of migraine headaches 

Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. Since the client is taking oral contraceptives, the nurse should explain that ________, which means that the client should ________.

Topiramate can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use backup contraception

A nurse is teaching a client about topiramate for the prevention of cluster headaches. Which of the following statements explains how topiramate helps prevent cluster headaches?

"Topiramate interferes with pain-related chemicals in the brain."

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for zolmitriptan for the management of migraines. Which of the following conditions will the nurse recognize as a contraindication for this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Coronary artery disease; Severe hypertension; Use of MAOIs within the last 2 weeks; Peripheral vascular disease (Serotonin Syndrome 몸 과흥, due to the risk of vasoconstriction)

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for divalproex for the prevention of migraine headaches. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this medication?

Pregnancy

A nurse is educating a client on the use of sumatriptan to treat migraines. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Take at the onset of a headache."

A nurse is teaching a client about the cause of cluster headaches. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding?

"The cause of my cluster headaches may be related to the release of substances that cause my blood vessels to dilate and become inflamed." -삼차신경, This system's activation leads to the release of substances like calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which contribute to the inflammation and dilation of blood vessels.

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed sumatriptan for acute migraine treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I might feel drowsy after I take sumatriptan, so I'll plan to rest or avoid driving."

A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed lasmiditan for migraine headaches. Which of the potential effects should the nurse instruct the client to report to the health care team immediately?

Fever- serotonin syndrome, such as fever, diaphoresis, and confusion, immediately to the health care team.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed amitriptyline for the prevention of chronic headaches. Which of the following client conditions will the nurse identify as a contraindication for this medication?

Cardiovascular disease

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for erenumab for the prevention of chronic migraines. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this medication?

Allergy to monoclonal antibodies-it can lead to severe hypersensitivity reactions.

Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. Given the client's new onset of ________, the nurse should recognize this as a possible sign of ________, which may require intervention.

Epigastric pain and heartburn; NSAID-induced gastrointestinal irritation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for metoprolol for the prevention of migraine headaches. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this medication?

Bradycardia

A nurse is assessing a client who has a sinus headache. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Facial pressure

A nurse is counseling a client on the use of diphenhydramine. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Drowsiness is common when taking diphenhydramine."

A nurse is assessing a client who reports experiencing a headache with visual disturbances, such as zig-zag lines. Which of the following types of headaches should the nurse suspect?

Migraine headache

A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has migraines and is starting therapy with divalproex. Which of the following side effects should the nurse expect to see addressed in the plan of care?

Somnolence (졸림): a common side effect of divalproex, especially during the initial stages of treatmen

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic headaches and a prescription for amitriptyline. The nurse should include which of the following findings as a side effect of amitriptyline?

Weight gain-due to its anticholinergic properties, which can lead to increased appetite.

Which of the following findings suggests the client is experiencing an adverse reaction to sumatriptan?

Chest tightness/Dizziness/Tingling sensation

A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client who has chronic migraines. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications prevents migraines by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

OnabotulinumtoxinA

Which of the following statement(s) made by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

"Poor sleep can contribute to the frequency of my headaches."; "My history of anxiety can trigger more headaches."; "Managing my stress may help reduce the severity of my headaches."

A nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client who has episodic migraines. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications prevents migraine attacks by blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from binding to CGRP receptors?

Galcanezumab

A nurse is teaching a client about amitriptyline for tension-type headaches. Which of the following statements explains how amitriptyline helps to manage these headaches?

"Amitriptyline modulates levels of serotonin and norepinephrine."

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a history of migraine headaches. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching as a lifestyle modification to prevent future attacks?

"You should establish a regular sleep schedule."

A nurse is reviewing the electronic medical record of a client who has been taking pseudoephedrine for sinus headache relief. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a serious adverse effect that should be reported to the provider?

Tachycardia

A nurse is caring for a client who has a sinus headache. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for treatment?

Amoxicillin

A nurse is counseling a client on the use of over-the-counter analgesics for the management of headaches. Which of the following statements should the nurse include regarding acetaminophen?

"Limiting alcohol is important while taking acetaminophen."

A nurse is instructing a client who is taking amoxicillin for a bacterial sinus infection. Which of the following statements explain how amoxicillin helps relieve sinus headaches?

"Amoxicillin works by stopping the bacteria from building their cell walls."

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic tension-type headaches. Which of the following classes of medication is commonly prescribed for preventive treatment?

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)