US History FInal (Get 100%)

What powers did the Articles of Confederation grant the National government?

Declare war, make treaties, coin money.

How did the Northwest Ordinance try to resolve future conflicts over Western lands?

Organized territories and limited slavery.

What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

No taxes, weak government, no president.

Why did Shay’s Rebellion occur?

High taxes and debt.

How did the Virginia Plan call for a stronger federal government?

Three branches and population-based representation.

What were some of the compromises reflected in the Constitution?

Great Compromise, 3/5 Compromise, Commerce Compromise.

How and why did Anti-Federalists oppose the Constitution?

Thought government was too powerful.

Why did all 13 states ratify the Constitution?

Promise of a Bill of Rights.

How does the Constitution divide power between the federal and state governments?

Federal handles national issues; states handle local issues.

How does separation of powers prevent branches from becoming too powerful?

Branches check each other.

first amendment

Speech

second Amendment

Guns

third Amendment

Soldiers

4 amendment

Searches

5 Amendment

Rights of accused

6 Amendment

Trial

7 Amendment

Jury

8 Amendment

Punishment

9 Amendment

Rights kept

10 Amendment

states’ powers

11 Amendment

Lawsuits

12 Amendment

Elections

13 Amendment

End Slavery

Why did some Americans oppose a national bank?

Thought it was unconstitutional.

Who was the first president and why was he chosen?

George Washington; trusted leader and war hero.

Know the first 16 presidents.
Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, J.Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln.

Know the first 16 presidents.
Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, J.Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln.

What were arguments for and against Hamilton’s debt proposal?

For: helped economy. Against: favored wealthy/North.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

Protest against whiskey tax.

Who was Little Turtle and outcome of Fallen Timbers?

Native leader; U.S. won.

What was Jay’s Treaty?

Agreement to avoid war with Britain.

What was Pinckney’s Treaty?

U.S. got Mississippi River access.

What was Sectionalism?

Loyalty to region over country.

What was the XYZ Affair?

France demanded bribes.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Laws limiting immigrants and speech.

What were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

States could challenge federal laws.

Why did Jefferson want Louisiana, and Napoleon give it up?

Jefferson wanted land; Napoleon needed money.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

Created judicial review.

What was the difference between loose and strict construction?

Loose = broad meaning; strict = exact meaning.

What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase?

Doubled U.S. size.

Who were Lewis and Clark and why important?

Explorers of western land.

How was the election of 1800 different?

Peaceful transfer of power.

Why did the U.S. declare war in 1812?

Impressment, trade issues, Native conflicts.

What challenges did Jefferson face?

Trade and foreign problems.

Who was Tecumseh?

Native leader against U.S. expansion.

What was the outcome of Tippecanoe?

U.S. defeated Native forces.

Know 3 battles of the War of 1812.

New Orleans, Lake Erie, Thames.

Why was War of 1812 a second American Revolution?

Showed U.S. independence.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Ghent?

Ended the war.

What was the significance of the Hartford Convention?

Hurt the Federalist Party.

How did the War of 1812 increase nationalism?

Increased pride in America.

What were leading inventions in early 1800s?

Cotton gin, steamboat, telegraph.

What was the Convention of 1818?

Set U.S.-Canada border.

What were transport developments during industrialization?

Roads, canals, railroads, steamboats.

What differences emerged between North and South?

North = industry; South = farming/slavery.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri slave, Maine free, slavery line.

What were some terms of the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri slave state, Maine free state, slavery line at 36°30′.

Differences between wealthy, poor, and middle class lifestyles?

Wealthy = luxury, middle = comfortable jobs, poor = hard labor.

Know 3 immigrant groups in the mid-1800s.

Irish, Germans, Chinese.

Why did immigrants come to the U.S. (push factors)?

Famine, poverty, war.

What pull factors brought immigrants to the U.S.?

Jobs, land, freedom.

What discrimination did immigrants face?

Prejudice, low pay, unfair treatment.

What was Nativism?

Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.

Who were the Know-Nothings?

Anti-immigrant political group.

What restrictions did nativists want on immigrants?

Longer citizenship time and fewer rights.

Why was Eli Whitney important to cotton production?

Invented the cotton gin.

How did white planters live in the South?

Large farms and wealthy lifestyles

What was life like for slaves in the South?

Hard labor and little freedom.

What was life like for free African Americans?

Some freedom but discrimination.

How did critics and supporters justify slavery?

Critics said immoral; supporters said economic need.

What resistance did slaves practice?

Running away, slowing work, rebellion.

Difference between overseer and driver?

Overseer = white supervisor; driver = enslaved worker in charge.

What was the Underground Railroad?

Secret routes helping slaves escape.

What was the Second Great Awakening?

Religious revival movement.

What was Utopia?

Perfect community.

Who were the Shakers?

Religious group living simply.

Transcendentalism

People should trust themselves and nature.

What was the Temperance Movement? What motivated it?

Movement against alcohol; wanted healthier families.

What was an Abolitionist?

Person against slavery.

Know 3 famous abolitionists.

Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, William Lloyd Garrison.

What is Manifest Destiny?

Belief U.S. should expand west.

How did slavery affect debate over Texas?

People argued if Texas would allow slavery.

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Plan to ban slavery in new land.

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Law requiring escaped slaves be returned.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

People vote on slavery.

What was the Dred Scott decision?

Slaves were not citizens.

Northern vs Southern reaction to John Brown’s Raid?

North mixed feelings; South feared rebellion.

Northern vs Southern opinions on secession?

North opposed; South supported.

How did Fort Sumter affect Union and Confederacy?

Started the Civil War.

What advantages did each side have at the start?

North = more people/factories; South = strong generals/home field.

Consequences of First Battle of Bull Run?

Showed war would be long.

What was the Anaconda Plan?

Union plan to block South and control Mississippi.

How did civilians help the war effort?

Made supplies and served as nurses.

How did Union gain control of Mississippi River?

Won battles like Vicksburg.

Major Civil War battles and winners?

Gettysburg (Union), Antietam (Union), Bull Run (Confederacy).

How did African Americans help the Union?

Fought as soldiers and workers.

Results of Gettysburg

Union victory; South weakened.

Terms of surrender at Appomattox?

Confederates surrendered and went home peacefully.

Role of Emancipation Proclamation in Civil War?

Freed slaves in rebel states and helped Union cause.