Year 8 Geography Revision: Settlement and Population

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering settlement definitions, urban models, population dynamics, and the China One Child Policy case study.

Settlement

A place where people live.

CBD

Central Business District, the heart of a city with shops, offices, banks, and entertainment.

Urban

Relating to a town or city area.

Rural

Relating to the countryside.

Gentrification

The regeneration of a run-down inner-city area through improved housing and infrastructure, often leading to rising house prices that displace local residents.

Shanty Town

An unplanned housing area built with scrap material, usually in LEDCs, lacking basic amenities like clean water.

Burgess Model: Inner City

A land-use zone characterized by factories, warehouses, old terraced houses, and some low-quality flats.

Burgess Model: Inner Suburbs

A residential zone containing semi-detached houses, small local shops, schools, and parks.

Burgess Model: Outer Suburbs

A zone with larger semi-detached or detached homes with gardens.

Burgess Model: Rural urban fringe

The interface between town and country, featuring villages, farms, and detached houses.

Congestion

Heavy traffic on roads resulting from increased car ownership.

Economic impact of Congestion

Money lost by businesses due to lower staff productivity and costs to the NHS from missed medical appointments.

Environmental impact of Congestion

Reduced air quality due to nitrous oxide and other fumes, contributing to global warming.

Push Factors

Reasons why people are forced to leave the countryside, such as a lack of jobs or crop failure.

Pull Factors

Factors that attract rural migrants to the city, including job opportunities and better services like health and education.

Birth Rate

The number of live births per $1000$ people, per year.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per $1000$ people, per year.

Natural Increase

Population growth that occurs when Birth Rates are higher than Death Rates.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model used to illustrate how birth rates, death rates, and total population change over time through five stages.

One Child Policy

A rule introduced by the Chinese government to slow rapid population growth by restricting most families to only one child.

Positive outcomes of the One Child Policy

Slower population growth (preventing an estimated $400$ million births) and improved quality of life as families could spend more on education and health.

Punishments for One Child Policy

Negative consequences for breaking the rule, including large fines and the loss of jobs.