CIS 201 - Fundamentals of Web Design Review

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards based on the Fundamentals of Web Design lecture, covering internet protocols, security issues, HTML syntax, and CSS levels.

HTTP

Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol; it is the protocol used by the World Wide Web for communication between browsers and servers, consisting of request and response phases.

Web Servers

Programs that provide documents to requesting browsers, acting as slave programs that only respond when a request is made.

Client-Server Model

A configuration where the client initiates communication by requesting information and the server sends that information back to the client.

World Wide Web (the Web)

A system of software and protocols installed on computers on the Internet that allows users to search for and retrieve documents using hypertext.

Hypertext

Text containing embedded links to other documents, allowing for non-sequential or non-linear browsing of material.

Hypermedia

A term used when a web document contains non-textual information such as sound, music, images, animation, or video.

Internet

A huge communications network consisting of a collection of computers and other devices connected together, often described as a network of networks.

Protocol

A standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with each other.

TCP/IP

Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; a low-level protocol that allows diverse devices across the Internet to communicate.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A web address used to identify documents or resources on the Internet, following the general format scheme://object-address.

Top-level Domain (TLD)

The highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System, identifying the right-most part of a domain name such as .com, .org, or .sa.

IP Address

A numeric address used by computers to uniquely identify nodes on the Internet.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A software system implemented by name servers that converts textual domain names into numeric IP addresses for message transmission.

Privacy

A security property ensuring that data cannot be stolen while it is on its way to its destination.

Integrity

A security property ensuring that data cannot be modified while it is on its way to its destination.

Authentication

The process of ensuring that both the sender and the receiver are certain of each other's identity.

Nonrepudiation

A security measure that provides proof of delivery to the sender and proof of identity to the recipient so neither party can later deny processing the information.

Encryption

A countermeasure for privacy and integrity where data is converted into a different form that cannot be decrypted by unauthorized parties.

Digital Signature

A mathematical technique used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a message, software, or digital document.

Denial-of-service (DoS) attack

An attack created by flooding a web server with requests to overwhelm its ability to operate effectively.

Virus

A harmful program that arrives in a system via attachments; it replicates and can destroy data by overwriting memory.

Worm

A damaging program that spreads on its own across memory rather than being attached to other files.

HTML

Stands for Hypertext Markup Language; a language created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 to share research, where content is tagged to tell the browser how to display it.

Element

In HTML, the combination of a container (opening and closing tags) and its content.

Attribute

A component of an HTML tag used to modify the element, appearing between the tag name and the right bracket of the opening tag.

Anchor Tag ($<a>$)

The HTML tag used to specify a link, using the href attribute to point to a web resource.

GET Method

A common HTTP method used to request data from a resource where form data is attached to the URL in a query string and can be cached or bookmarked.

POST Method

A common HTTP method used to send data to a server to create or update a resource, where data is stored in the request body and is never cached.

CSS

Stands for Cascading Style Sheet; used for presentation to overwrite the default styles of HTML structure.

External Level CSS

A level of CSS where style specifications are stored separately from HTML documents and referenced using the $<link>$ tag, allowing styles to be applied to multiple pages.