CEE 3- MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

a branch of science that studies all of the elements under the periodic table and its compound

Inorganic Chemistry

it describes the characteristic of substances obtained from non-living matter and minerals

Inorganic Chemistry

Reflects the element's valence electrons

Group

Reflects the element's principal quantum number

Period

What is the largest element according to its weight?

Oganesson

Most metallic element

Francium

Largest element according to size

Francium

Element with highest ionization energy

Helium

most electronegative element

Fluorine

Element with the highest electron affinity

Chlorine

use as depressant

Bromide

Use as anticariogenic

Fluoride

Use as iodine solubilizer, antifungal, expectorant

Iodide

Use as a diuretic, urinary alkalinizer, antacid

Acetate

Use as bleaching agent, oxidizing agent

Hypochlorite

Antioxidant

Metabisulfide

Cathartic (rapid evacuation of purge)

Sulfate

Antacid, Carbonating agent

Carbonate

Use of citrate when in vitro

Anticoagulant

Use of citrate in vivo

Coagulant

C2 + O2

Acetate

C2 + O4

Oxalate

C3

Lactate

C4

Tartrate

C6

Citrate

Identification test for citrate and tartrate

Pyridine in acetic anhydride (Furth-Herrmann reaction) & Mercuric Sulfate (Denige's test)

In pyridine in acetic anhydride, what is the positive test color for both citrate and tartrate

citrate: carmine red

tartrate: emerald green

In the mercuric sulfate test, what is the positive color for both citrate and tartrate

citrate: white ppt

tartrate: no reaction

What Group is the most reactive metal

Group 1A (Alkali Earth metals)

Alkali metal with highest melting point

Litium

Alkali metal with the lowest melting point

Cesium

Ability of alkali metal to dissolve in polar solvent

Cesium

Also known as INFLAMMABLE AIR

Hydrogen

Who discovered hydrogen?

Henry Cavendish

the lightest element and the most abundant element in the universe

Hydrogen

Process used to produce hydrogen

Lane process and Messerschmitt process

Process used in hydrogen to produce 99% pure hydrogen

Messerschmitt process

What is the color of the storage container for hydrogen

Red

What is the process to produce NH3 from hydrogen

Haber's process

Most abundant H isotope; most stable H isotope

Protium

also known as heavy hydrogen or heavy water

Solvent in NMR spectroscopy

Deuterium

Used for structure elucidation

Nuclear magnetic resonance

H isotope that is the only radioactive

Tritium

AKA: Thenard's oxygenated acid, agua oxigenada, oxygenated acid/water

Hydrogen Peroxide

Use for the treatment of vincent's stomatitis/vincent's angina/trench mouth

Hydrogen peroxide

Overuse of hydrogen peroxide can cause?

Hairy tongue syndrome/black hairy tongue

Known as the UNIVERSAL solvent; comprises 75% of the earth's crust

Water

Properties of water

-Solid form is less dense than its liquid form

-high specific heat

-High surface tension and capillar action

-amphoteric (both acid and base)

-undergoes autoionization

Element with (-) capillary rise

Mercury

A natural water that contains Fe in solution or suspension, has a ferruginous taste

Chalybeate water

Contains CO2 under pressure; contains CaCO3 and MgCo3; exhibits EFFERVESCENCE

Carbonated water

Contains appreciable amounts of Na2SO4, MgSO4, and NaHCO3

Alkaline water

Contains relatively high amount of Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl

Saline/Purgative water

Contains appreciate qunatities of Li2CO3 or LiCl

Lithia Water

Contains dissolved H2S and deposits S upon atmosphere exposure

Sulfur water

Contains soluble alkali silicates

Siliceous water

Soft water contains what element

Na, K

Hard water contains what element

Mg2+,Ca2+,Mn

A type of hard water caused by the bicarbonates of Mg2+ and Ca2+

Temporary

A type of hard water that is caused by the chlorides, sulfates, and hydroxides of Mg2+ and Ca2+

Permanent

water that is fit to drink; free from coliform formatin

Potable water

Destruction method for coliform microorganims in potable water

-aeration

-chorination

undergoes water fluoridation

Na fluorosilicate

standard amount of Na fluorosilicate

0.5-1ppm

Treatment method for potable water to improve palatability

-Aeration

-Filtration with charcoal

Treatment methods to remove insoluble matter

-filtration

-Settling

-Coagulation

Method to produce purified water

USP method

Water of choice for the extemporaneous compounding in non-parenteral products.

Purified water

USP methods for purified water

"DRIP"

-distillation

-Reverse osmosis

-ion-exchange

Solvent used in the manufacture of parenteral products; pyrogen free

Water for injection

Water of choice for the extemporaneous compounding of parenteral products; single dose: NMT 1L

Sterile water for injection

SWFI with antimicrobial preservatives

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection

BWFI C/I in neonates is called

gasping syndrome

AKA: Stone, Rock

Lithium

Who discovered Lithium?

J.A Arwedson

The lightest metal

Lithium

Storage of lithium

Under oil, petrolium jelly

ID test for lithium in non-luminous

Carmine red (reddish pink)

ID test for lithium in cobalt glass

Purple

Used as a mood stabilizing agent; treatment for Bipolar disorder (manic state)

Lithium

associated ADR for lithium

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

teratogenic effect of lithium is known as

Eibstein's anomaly

treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder

Lithium carbonate and Lithium Citrate

welding flux of ALUMINUM; desiccant for drying air streams; precipitates RNA from cellular extracts

Lithium chloride

Welding flux for ceramic glazes

Lithium oxide

Lithium oxide is also known as

Lithia

Welding flux in aluminum and ceramics

Lithium fluoride

used as depressant

Lithium bromide

also known as Lithalure, stavinor, litholite

Lithium stearate

Used as an attractive choice for space flight as a CO2 absorber

Lithium hydroxide

Natrium;Soda

Sodium

who discovered the sodium?

Humphry Davy

most abundant extracellular cation

Sodium

Where is the sodium stored?

Under oil (kerosene)

"KeriNa"

What is the positive ID test for sodium in a non-luminous test

Golden yellow

What is the positive test of sodium in cobalt test

NIL (absence of color)

use as diuretic, urinary and systematic alkalizer, antacid

Sodium acetate

CH₃COONa (sodium acetate) reacts with H2SO4 + ethanol = +?

fruity odor

Also known as baking soda

Sodium bicarbonate

the process used to produce baking soda

Solvay process