WWI (1914-1918) and WWII (1939-1945)

Causes of WWII- Japan + Italy

Nationalism, Aggression by totalitarian powers, and the Weakness of the League of Nations.

• japan invades Manchuria and Shanghai. League of Nations condemns Japan but does nothing, and Japan leaves league of nations

• Italian invansion of Ethiopia, League of Nations does zilch

Germany Takes Over (Causes of WWII pt.2)

Germany Annexes, Cxechslovokia and Austria. Wanted Revenge from Treaty of Versaille. League of Nations just used appeasement. German Invansion of Poland starts the war

Fall of France

• Hitler continued his march South and invaded France.

Battle of Britain

Hitler ordered the German air force, or Luftwaffe, to bomb England.

• Radar allowed for early warning of German attacks.

• The British Royal Air Force (RAF) continually resisted German attacks.

Relevant Leaders of the U.S.

• Franklin D. Roosevelt –U.S. President during WWII

• Harry Truman – U.S. President after
  death of President Roosevelt. ending of WWII

Operation Overlord, a.k.a. D-Day

• Successfully took over German-Nazi controlled France

More Genocide throughout History

• The Ottoman Empire killing ethnic Armenians

• Pol Pot in Cambodia killing the educated, artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, and minorities 

• Tutsi minorities by Hutu in Rwanda

Battle of Bulge

“Last German Offense”

• Allied forces stop German advances, causing Germany to retreat for the remainder of the war.

Battles of Pacific Warfront

• Battle of Midway- US Navy sank four Japanese aircraft carriers, greatly limiting Japan’s air force

• Iwo Jima & Okinawa

  • Allies needed to take these islands so that they would have air bases from which to bomb Japan.

The Nuremburg Trials

Crimes against peace, war crimes, or crimes against humanity. Criminal trials for Nazi leaders responsible for the atrocities of the Holocaust took place in Nuremburg,

Outcomes of WWII

• The United Nations

• The United States and the Soviet Union are the two major “super powers” in the world.

• Europe became divided between a Democratic West and Communist East. (division of western and eastern germany)

• N.A.T.O. v The Warsaw Pact

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Outlined the basic human rights that the international community agreed every person should have

The Geneva Conventions

International legal standards for humanitarian treatment during war.

• Protects wounded and sick soldiers on land.

• Protects wounded, sick, and shipwrecked military personnel at sea.

• Focuses on the treatment of prisoners of war.

• Protects civilians, including those in occupied territory.

The Phony War

Invasion of Poland saw an increase in tension between Western nations and Germany.

• France, Britain centralized military and built fortifications but. there was no actual fighting.

Operation Barbarossa

• Hitler invaded the Soviet Union without warning. The Soviet responded to the German invasion with a scorched-earth policy.

• Battle of Stalingard results in numerous German casualities and is a major turning point in the war.

Pearl Harbor Date

• December 7, 1941.

Reconstruction of Japan

Japan was occupied by American Troops under General Douglas MacArthur.

Japan’s offensive military capabilities were eliminated.

Democratic government created.

Japan became a dominant economic power in Asia.

Main Causes for WWI

Militarism- Arms Race to expand navy, Army Glorification

Alliances

Imperialism- Competition for colonies in Africa brought Germany and France close to war in 1905 and again in 1911.​

Nationalism from Germany and France was bitter about the lost of land in the Franco-Prussian War

Key Alliances WWI

Central Powers- Austria-Hungary, Germany(led central powers) and Italy.

Allies- France, USSR,Britain and later the U.S.

Cause of Asassination of Archduke Ferdinand

Bosnia was homes to many Serbs and other slavs. Serbians viewed the Austrians as foreign oppressors.​ Archduke Ferdinand planned a visit to the Bosnian capital ofSarajevo on June 28, the date marking Serbia being conquered by the Ottoman empire in 1389.

Asassination of Archduke Ferdinand

The Archduke and his wife were killed later in the day by a Black Hand conspirator named Gavrilo Princip.​

Iginition of WWI

​ Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum, or a final set of demands: Serbia must end all anti-Austrian aggression and punish any Serbian official involved in the murder plot. Serbia agrees to most, BUT NOT ALL, terms of the ultimatum, and Austria declares war.

Tangle of Alliances

Germany supports Austria Hungary, and Russia supports Serbia. Germany and Russia are now at war then Russia appeals to France for allyship and France wants to take backs its territory lost in the Franco-Prussian War so when they refused to back down from war, Germany declared war on France.

• Britian gets involved when Belgium a neutral country is invaded during the Schifellin Plan

Effect of Trenchwar

• Caused stalemate and a deadlock between both sides    

• Rampant disease

Weapons

• The Machine Gun​

• The Airplane​

• Zeppelins​

• U-boats​

• Poison Gas​

• Artillery​

• Tanks

 

Russia Pulls Out of the War

Least and industrialized and takes the most lost. Facing internal issues with russian revolution as well.

Total War

A modern, mechanized, total warchannels all of a nation’s resources towards the war effort.

Colonies- Used for troops, laborers and supplies

Government- Raised Taxes​

• Borrowed huge amounts of money​

• Rationed food and other products, such as boots and gasoline.​

• Set prices on goods and prevented strikes​

• Censorship and Propoganda

Conscription

Conscription, or “the draft,” required all young men to be ready formilitary or other service

Cause of U.S. Enters War

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by Germany

Trade Issues

• Zimmerman Note- Which promised Mexico’s lost territory of the US in order to support the war effort.​​

After the War WWI

Germany Surrenders in 1918 ending the war and the

• League of Nations is establishes in which the US does not join

• Ottoman Empire is no longer a country and divided into countries like Turkey, Iran, etc

• Austria-Hungary divided into two countries

• Treaty of Versailles is established which forces Germany to take full blame for the war.

Treaty of Versailles

• Imposed huge reparations, or payments of money to the allied countries.

• Severely limited the size of the German military.​

• Forced to return Alsace and Lorraine to France,as well as other territories.

The Schlieffen Plan

Involved Germany invading the neutral country Beligium to avoid a two front war with Russia and France. Led to British involvement in the war.