Biology Chapter 11A Matching Test #1

genetics

the study of heredity

heredity

the passing of traits from parent to offspring

trait

a specific characteristic of an individual

genes

a portion of the DNA that codes for a trait

alleles

the different forms of a gene

pure breed

a.k.a "true-breeding"

pure breed (2)

individuals that only carry (and therefore pass on) one allele of a gene/trait

hybrid

the offspring which results from cross between pure-bred parents, each of which carries an opposing allele for a trait

hybrid (2)

carry both alleles of a gene/trait

cross

to breed

cross (2)

to cause fertilization to occur

fertilization

the union of egg and sperm

dominant

alleles that are expressed/seen even in the presence of a contrasting allele

recessive

alleles which are expressed only in the presence of a similar allele

probability

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

probability (2)

past outcomes do not affect future outcomes

Punnett square

uses mathematical probability to help predict the outcomes of a genetic cross

phenotype (1)

the observable, physical characteristics of an organism

genotype (1)

the genetic makeup of an organism

genotype (2)

what alleles it carries for each gene

homozygous dominant

carries two dominant alleles for that gene

heterozygous

carries one dominant and one recessive allele for that gene

homozygous recessive

carries two recessive alleles for that gene