Living and working conditions in russia by 1914

How much did the urban population increase by 1867-1917

7 million to 28 million

In 1914 what proportion or st P people were peasants by birth

3/4

Where did workers often live

In barrack like buildings owned by factory owners which were overcrowded and lacked adequate sanitaatuib

Where did workers eat

Canteens

Where did workers wash

Communal bath houses

What % of houses had no running water or sewage system

40

How was excrement collected

By wooden carts at night

1908-09 how many died of cholera

30k

How much of a workers wage was normally taken by rent

Often half

When was the industrial depression

1900-1908

How much did inflation increase by to 1914 vs wages

40% inflation but wages 245-264 roubles a month

When was night time employment of women and children banned

1885

When was employment of children under 12 banned

1892

When were hours reduced and to what

1897 to 11.5 hours

When were hours reduced again and to what but who did this not apply to

1914 10 hours - workshops which were more common

When was the insurance act and what did it give

1912 gave workers sickness and accident insurance

How large was the rise in primary school provision 1905-14

85%

Compare investment in education and railways

Much less on education

How many children in full time education by 1914

55%

When are where was the lena goldfields massacre

1912 in siberia

What happened in lena goldfields massacre

Workers went on strike and troops were brought in

How many workers killed in lena goldfields massacre

270

How many workers injured in the lena goldfields massacre

250

How much of land did strip farming continue on

90%

Hwo many people used gov scheme to move to siberia

Only 3.5 milluon out of 97 million

Evidence of peasant fitmnes

Many too unfit for military

Literacy rate in 1914 and literacy rate of workers 1914

40%, 64%

Who were workers still loyal to

Church and tsar

How stable was employment

Unstable - regular labour force changes

Examples of the lack of privacy

Only a curtain between them as they

• had sex

• Cooked

• Ate

• Slept

Where did workers often sleep within the factories

Plank bedsin dirty grease covered bedding

What fraction of deaths were caused by infectious diseases 1911

1/3

What did informal organisations of workers do in this period

Rented communal apartments and emplyed a women to cook for them

What fraction of metal workers were literate

Almost ¾

Who did 1912 insurance act cover

Minority

How much less was the avergae wage compared to europe

1/3

In the tambov region what proportion of households couldnt feed themselves without debt

2/3