HAMEX FINAL - womens rights / native americans / latinos

• 19th amendment

• Ratified 1920

• Women get the right to vote

• given by the “vote that saved suffrage” by Harry Burns, passing ends the first wave of suffrage

• 24th amendment

• prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on the payment of a poll tax or any other type of tax

• Cant tax someone to vote

• Made after jim crow laws to eliminate discrimination 

• The Feminine Mystique

• Feminine mystique (1963)

  • Unhappiness of women as housewives and women want to be more than that.

  • Many women feel seen by this book

  • interviewed women about their work in WW2 to research and write her book

  • united women by helping them see that they were not alone in wanting to be a part of politics and business

  • started the second wave of women’s suffrage 

• Alice Paul

• Wanted the right to vote immediately

• Wanted a Constitutional Amendment

• Fought for women’s rights in England

• Forms the National Women’s Party (NWP)

• Younger

• activist and suffragist from New Jersey

• founder of NWP

• came from a rich Quaker family and had a good education

• wanted to take federal action immediately and proposed a constitutional amendment

• Carrie Chapman Catt

• Took the “conservative” state by state approach 

• Fighting for rights w/ NAWSA

• more supported by older women

• founded women’s peace party

• supported war and saw how it elevated people’s perception on women’s suffrage,

• Betty Friedan 

Feminine mystique (1963)

• Unhappiness of women as housewives and women want to be more than that.

• Many women feel seen by this book

• interviewed women about their work in WW2 to research and write her book

• united women by helping them see that they were not alone in wanting to be a part of politics and business

• started the second wave of women’s suffrage 

NAWSA

• National American Women’s Suffrage Association

• Took the “conservative” state by state approach 

• Fighting for rights w/ NAWSA

• more supported by older women

• NWP

• (National Women's Party)

  • 1916

  • Founded by Alice Paul

  • Fought for women's suffrage (the 19th Amendment)

• Title IX

• Gave women and girls EQUAL opportunities for education and sports

• No one could be dismissed or turned away based on their sex.

  • Men and women sports in schools had to be funded/treated the same.

• The Trail of Tears

•  westward expansion forces Native Americans to move west 

  • “Trail of Tears” → forced relocation of Native Americans (Cherokee Nation)

    • Was called genocide by the UN (not officially categorized though) → caused many deaths

• Assimilation of Native Americans

 

• become of a part of American Society → many local tries create reservations to avoid assimilation → SOVEREIGN: INDEPENDENT NATIONS

• Forced assimilation – DAWES ACT 1887

  • government could break up tribal lands into private property 

    • (160 acre plots-usually not good for farming) forcing Native Americans to assimilate → resulted into loss of land and culture.

• AIM

• -organization founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota

• -aimed at addressing systemic issues facing Native Americans

• -including police brutality, poverty, and discrimination

• Native American activist movement

• Fought discrimination, poverty, poor treatment, and unfair government actions

• Madonna Thunder Hawk connected to AIM

• Advocated for Native American rights, better living conditions, and representation

• Still influences Native American activism today

• Native American Citizenship Act

• 1924 → act that made Native Americans U.S. citizens

• This act now made all Native Americans U.S. citizens

• Suffrage (right to vote)- not  given to all Native Americans until 1954 (MAINE)

• Has all of the elements of the Bill of Rights and 14th Amendment → freedom  of speech, religion, trial by jury, double jeopardy, bail and punishment

• Dawes Act

• Forced assimilation – DAWES ACT 1887

  • government could break up tribal lands into private property 

    • (160 acre plots-usually not good for farming) forcing Native Americans to assimilate → resulted into loss of land and culture.

• Grape Boycott

• 1965 in Delano, California during the grape workers’ strike the Association gained a lot of attention and members. 

• Filipino and mexican workers refused to pick grapes

• 5 years

• Land owners could not just replace workers as easily since everyone banned together

• For better treatment and pay 

• Dolores Huerta

• Teacher → stopped teaching due to the effects she saw on students regarding their poorness

• Brother in-law → Cesar Chavez

• Began with CSO (city) – GOALS: help people register to vote + learn english

• Worked w/ Chavez in UFW → 1960s grape strike (5 years)

• Tried to fight stereotypes → became feminist due to Gloria Steinem after meeting her in NY

• Huerta & Fred Ross founded the Stockton chapter of the Community Services Organization  (CSO) together in 1955.

  • Improve social/economic conditions for farm workers.

  • End racial discrimination and police brutality. 

• La Raza

•  political party - is now Unidos US → help people in the latino community

• UFW (United Farm Workers)

• Led by Cesar Chavez

• Goal: fight for migrant farm workers-better conditions in the fields, better pay

• Methods: 

  • Led Delano grape worker strike (5 years)

  • Hunger strike for 25 days

  • Boycott-wine

  • Sit-ins

  • Non-violent marches

• CSO

• Led by Dolores Huerta

• Goals of group:

  • Register Chicanos voters

  • Citizenship classes for Chicanos