Quarter 1 American Revolution Test

Developed by Ben Franklin, aimed at coordinating colonial defense and established intercolonial government.

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Conflict between Britain and France in North America, impacting colonial independence and sentiment.

French and Indian War (1754-1763)

Limited colonial expansion westward, tightening British control to avoid conflicts with Native Americans.

Proclamation of 1763

First tax aimed at raising revenue from the colonies by taxing sugar and molasses.

Sugar Act (1764)

Tax imposed on all documents, newspapers, and pamphlets; led to colonial protests.

Stamp Act (1765)

Incident where British troops fired into a crowd, escalating anti-British sentiment.

Boston Massacre (1770)

Protest against British tax on tea, where colonists dumped tea into the harbor.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Pioneered free press ideas, influenced the Zenger trial which established the principle of jury acquittal for truth.

Benjamin Franklin's influence

Philosophical movement emphasizing reason, logic, and individual rights against tradition.

Enlightenment

Concept by John Locke stating people have rights to 'life, liberty, and property'.

Natural rights

Philosophy by Rousseau; agreement between government and governed, allowing revolt against tyranny.

Social Contract

Political ideology emphasizing participation of the citizenry in governance through elected representatives.

Republicanism

Colonial militia members trained to respond quickly to British threats during the American Revolution.

Minutemen

Document asserting the colonies' break from Britain; influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for the thirteen colonies' independence from Britain.

Common Sense

America's first constitution; established weak federal government and emphasized state sovereignty.

Articles of Confederation

Uprising of Massachusetts farmers against high taxes; highlighted weaknesses in Articles of Confederation.

Shay's Rebellion

Established guidelines for settlement and statehood in the Northwest Territory, banned slavery in new states.

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Document created to establish a stronger federal government; included compromises between large and small states.

Constitution (1787)

Debate over the power of the national government; Federalists supported a strong government; Anti-Federalists favored state rights.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

First ten amendments to the Constitution protecting individual liberties and states' rights.

Bill of Rights

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

Separation of Powers

Declared America's neutral stance in foreign conflicts, preventing entanglement in European wars.

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation (1793)

A series of essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay promoting the ratification of the Constitution.

Federalist Papers

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson advocating for states' rights and opposing Federalist policies.

Democratic-Republican Party

Advised against permanent alliances and political parties, warning of potential divisiveness.

Washington's Farewell Address

Marked by rising unpopularity, military buildup, and the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts.

John Adams' Presidency

Peaceful transfer of authority between rival political parties, marking a democratic milestone.

Transition of power (1800)

Political ideology focused on individual liberty, democratic governance, and equality under the law.

Liberalism

Belief that God created the universe but does not intervene in its operations.

Deism

Proposed separation and balance of powers within government to prevent tyranny.

Montesquieu's Theory

Promoted freedom of thought, religion, and the separation of Church and State.

Voltaire's Advocacy

Believed in the corruption of society and the importance of education and social contracts.

Rousseau's View

System where nobles and royalty enjoy special rights and tax exemptions not available to common people.

Hereditary Privilege

Establishment of a bicameral legislature with both equal and population-based representation.

Great Compromise

Agreement that enslaved persons would be counted as three-fifths of a person for representation.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Political system where power is divided between a central government and regional authorities.

Federalism

Nine out of thirteen states needed to ratify the Constitution for it to become law.

Ratification Requirement

Included paying off the national debt, creating a national bank, and establishing tariffs.

Hamilton's Financial Program