test prep 4

PET/CT scans reveal what information in the body?

cellular metabolism and anatomic structure

after oral administration of 123 I sodium iodide, what is the appropriate time to wait for the scan?

4-6 hours and 24 hours uptake

what is a common indication for a NM lung scan?

pulmonary embolism

which radiopharmaceutical is used primarily for thyroid therapy?

131 I sodium iodine

why is radioactive iodine used in thyroid imagining? (short answer)

what component of the MRI unit provides the external RF energy source?

coil

list at least 2 pros of MRI (short answer)

which MRI zone is considered the safest and accessible to the general public?

1

what term is used to measure the strength of the magnetic field in MRI? (short answer)

tesla

which of the following could be considered a contraindication for catherization procedure?

pregnancy

which of the following could be used as a vascular access for a left heart catherization?

femoral artery

which of the following are indications for a left heart catherization? select all that apply

myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, coronary artery disease

what is the most common complication/risk associated with cardiac catherization?

vascular access site complication

which of the following vessels could be accessed for a right heart catherization?

femoral vein

what are the three cardinal rules for radiation protection? (short answer)

time, distance, shielding

computed tomography imaging that is used today and acquires information in a corkscrew pattern is referred to as:

helical

what imaging planes are used in CT? (short answer)

axial, coronal, sagittal

what unit of measurement is assigned to tissues based on attenuation?

hounsfield

what are some post-biopsy complications that may be encountered with a patient?

all are correct

what is/are an indication(s) for a renal transplant biopsy?

all are correct

what is the role of the cytopathology team?

all of these are correct

what is one very important consideration the sonographer should evaluate when involved in a biopsy procedure of an abdominal organ or structure?

how much the mass moves with respiration

informed consent DOES NOT need to be obtained from the patient for ROUTINE biopsy procedures.

false

what is/are an advantage(s) of using ultrasound guidance during interventional procedures?

all of these are advantages of using ultrasound

what is/are a limitation(s) of ultrasound during interventional procedures?

all of these are disadvantages

what lab test led to the developmen of the international normalized ratio (INR) because of the variable results obtained for this test among different laboratories?

prothrombin time (PT)

what gauge needle is typically use during a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) procedure?

20-25

renal parenchymal biopsies are usually requested for patients with which medical condition?

proteinuria

what is the most common indication for a biopsy to be performed?

confirm malignancy in a mass

what is the primary advantae of an ultrasound-guided interventional procedure?

continuous, real-time visualization of the biopsy needle

why is there a waiting period after a patient discontinues taking blood thinning medications before an interventional procedure is performed?

increased risk of prolonged bleeding

what patient position is most commonly used during a prostate biopsy?

left lateral decubitus

which laboratory test could indicate a liver lesion?

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

the national patient safety standards mandate that a “time-out” be performed before beginning any invasive procedure. which steps are part of this important patient safety process?

all of these steps

which part of a native kidney is usually biopsied?

lower pole

which part of the kidney is normally sampled during a renal transplant biopsy?

upper pole

most liver tumors demonstrate only peripheral enhancement in which vascular phase?

arterial phase

what frequency is processed when a scanning system is operating in the harmonic mode?

second

how do vascular ultrasound contrast agents enhance doppler flow signals?

adding more acoustic scatterers to the blood stream

which characteristics influence the microbubble’s acoustic behavior?

type of gas and shell used to encapsulate gas

in which vascular phase is flow in the hepatic capillaries detected?

late

what conditions are necessary for a vascular ultrasound contrast agent to be clinically useful?

all of these

the first ultrasound contrast agents were used to evaluate which component of the cardiovascular system?

heart

to aid in contrast enhanced imaging and to prevent premature microbubble rupture, what feature(s) have equipemtn manufactures begun to incorporate into their scanning systems?

intermittent imaging capabilites

when using tissue-specific contrast agents in the liver, during the early arterial phase focal nodular hyperplasia can have a similar appearance to what other liver mass?

hepatocellular carcinoma

what is another term used to categorize tissue-specific ultrasound contrast agents?

molecular imaging agents

in harmonic imaging mode the echos from the oscillating microbubbles demonstrate what unique characteristics?

high signal-to-noise ratio

what gas did the microbubbles of the “first-generation” ultrasound contrast agents contain?

air

why are vascular UCAs useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected renal artery stenosis?

increases the intensity of the doppler shift signals

how have ultrasoudn contrast agents (UCAs) improved the accuracy of hepatic sonography?

all of these

what mechanical index (MI) setting should be used with ultrasound contrast agents?

low output intensity

what effect can the energy in the acoustic field have on microbubbles?

detrimental

what is a unique characteristic of the microbubbles of tissue-specific UCAs?

have affinity for specific tissues

midepigastric pain radiating to the back is characteristic of which acute medical condition?

pancreatitis

what is/are a sonographic finding(s) of acute cholecystitis

all are correct

according to your textbook, what is the traditional imaging modality of choice for evaluation of urolithiasis

x-ray imaging followed by intravenous urography

which sonographic finding is diagnostic of an abdominal wall hernia?

peristalsis of herniated bowel

what is the proper medical term for a hernia in which the bowel cannot be reduced?

incarcerated

in which section of the aorta do approximately 70% of aortic dissections occur?

ascending aorta

what are the sonographic findings associated with acute pancreatitis?

normal-appearing or hypoechoic pancreatic parenchyma

what is/are some of the complication(s) of peritoneal lavage?

all of these

which invasive technique is used for the diagnosis of hemoperitoneum?

peritoneal lavage

which sonography findings may be noted with aortic dissection

all are correct

sonography may not be very accurate in detecting injuries from blunt trauma in the liver and the spleen

true

what is one of the most common acute medial conditions that necessitates emergency abdominal surgery

appendicitis

what is the most common reason for free fluid in the abdomen or pelvis related to trauma?

intraperitoneal hemorrhage

what is a life-threatening condition caused by excessive build-up of pericardial fluid

cardiac tamponade

paraumbilical hernia occurs more often in which group?

females

which medical condition is nearly always associated with aortic dissection?

hypertension

what are the types of abdominal wall hernia

all of these

what is the most common location for free fluid to accumulate after an injury from abdominal trauma

morison’s pouch

what is the main purpose of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination?

scan for abdominal, pelvic, or pericardial fluid

when scanning a female in her reproductive years, a small amount of free fluid isolated to the posterior cul-de-sac is most likely related to what event?

normal physiology

which term describes an incarcerated hernia with vascular compromise

strangulated

what is a common laboratory finding in 85% of patients suffering from urolithiasis

hematuria