plant poop week 8

Dicots
Cotyledon
Vasculature
Stem (Herb/Wood?)
Leaf type
Venation
Leaf insertion
Roots
Flower parts
Pollen

2

Ring bundles

Vascular cambium

Both

Simple or compound

Net veined

Narrow

Primary to secondary, Adventitious, Taproot

4 or 5 parted, 3 to many stamens

Mono or tri aperturate

Monocots
Cotyledon
Vasculature
Stem (Herb/Wood?)
Leaf type
Venation
Leaf insertion
Roots
Flower parts
Pollen

1

scattered bundles

no vascular cambium

herb

simple

straited

broad, sheathing

primary, adventitious, fibrous

3 parted

monosulcate

What major order (above family) is important for food plants? (rice, maize, corn, wheat, barley, etc)

Poales

What major order is important for ginger, cardamom, turmeric, bananas, plantains, arrowroot, galangal?

Zingiberales

What major order is important for coconut and palms

Arecales

What major order is important for asparagus, onion, garlic, leek, vanilla, tequila?

Asparagales

What order is for lilies, tulips, etc?

Liliales

What order are pandan, yams, and ube part of?

Pananales/Dioscoreales

What order is marshy, aquatic plants, taro, anthuriums, seagrass, arrowhead, marine angiosperm etc?

Alismatales

2 major groups within monocots

Commelinids and petaloid

commelinids

many wind pollinated

petaloid monocots

many animal pollinated

What are the 6 family members of Liliaceae s.l? (Hint: AAALMT)

Asparagaceae (Asparagales)

Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales)

Asphodelaceae (Asparagales)

Liliaceae (Liliales)

Melanthiaceae (Liliales)

Tofieldiaceae (Alismatales)

Petaloid monocots (4) hint LAOI

Liliaceae, Araceae, Oridaceae, Iridaceae

Liliaceae

-Leaves are…

-Size of flower

-Number of tepals with what

-___ on the base of tepals

-number of stamen

-ovary

-variable

-large

-6 free with spots

-nectaries

-6

-superior

Floral formula of Liliaceae

*, T6, A6, G3; capsule/berry

Open vs shady traits correlate with habitats

Open, seasonal habitats favor traits like bulbs, showy flowers, wind-dispersed seeds, and narrow leaves because they help plants survive drought, attract pollinators in exposed areas, and reduce water loss. Shady habitats favor rhizomes, broad leaves, and animal-dispersed seeds because these traits help plants capture limited light and reproduce more effectively in dense forest environments.

Iridaceae

-plant type

-unique thing

-leaves

-flower symmetry

-style has…

-ovary

-herb with rhizomes, corms, bulbs

-spathe-like bracts

-equitant with a unifacial blade

-bilateral or radial

-petaloid style with stigma flap

-inferior

Iridaceae floral formula

*/X, 3, 3, 3, 3; capsule

Orchidaceae

-type of herb

-drought adaptations

-flower symmetry

-3 unique parts (l, c, p)

-seeds germination

-ovary

-terrestrial or epiphytic

-velamen roots, pseudobulbs

-bilateral

-labellum, column, pollinia

-need fungi to germinate

-inferior

Vanilla bean is part of which family?

Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae is considered… m…

mycoheterotropic

Orchidaceae floral formula

X, K3, C3, A1-2, G3; capsule

Rarity

naturally uncommon because it occupies a specialized habitat

Endangered

human or catastrophic event dramatically reducing a population

What data is needed to know if a plant is rare or endangered

need to see the timeline of population changing over time

Araceae

-plant type

-leaf type

-has a apparent…

-what does it have to defend itself from herbivory

-herb

-simple or compound

-petiole

-calcium oxalate

Araceae

-inflorescence consisting of

-sex of flowers

-number of tepals

-ovary

-smell?

-spathe, spadix, appendix

-unisexual or bisexual

-4-6 or 0

superior or inferior

-stinks

spathe

colorful bract surrounding the flowers

spadix

axis on which the flowers are borne (male above, female below when both present)

appendix

sterile extension above

Araceae floral formula

*, T4-6 or 0, 1-6 (12), 2-3; berry

What are the 3 parameters to measure rarity

1. geographic distribution

2. habitat specificity

3. population size

Juncaceae (tiny lilies)

-__ ranked leaves

-__ parted

-tepals are

-stamens

-carpels

-habitat

-stems

-3

-3

-present 6

-3 or 6

-3 fused

-terrestrial or aquatic

-round and solid

floral formula of juncaceae

*, 3, 3, 3 or 6; capsule

Cyperaceae

-stems

-___ ranked
-sheaths are…

-infl are…

-perianth

-stamens

-carpel

-habitat

-specialness

-triangular

-3

-closed

-spikelets with bracts

-reduced

-1-3

-2-3 fused

-wetlands

-perigynium

floral formula for cyperaceae

*, 0, 0, 1-3, 2-3; achene

spikelet

Poaceae

-stems

-___ ranked

-sheaths are

-growth

-infl

-enclosed by

-staments

-carpels

-known for…

-circular, hollow

-2

-open

-intercalary meristem

-spikelets, enclosed by glumes

-lemme and palea

-1-3

-2-3 fused

-cereal

intercalary meristem growth is adaptive for

grazing because it is located at the base of the leaf rather than the tip, which herbivores graze and bite off. So plant can regrow without lethal damage

floral formula of poaceae

X, 0, 0, 1-3, 2-3; grain