History - Power and the People - The Early Modern Period

CAMO for the three Early Modern events.

What were the causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

• Henry VIII’s break from Rome.

• Thomas Cromwell’s influence on Henry VIII’s decisions, which led to widespread resentment towards him.

• The Protestant Reformation.

• The dissolution of monasteries.

• Attempts to remove silver from Lincoln Cathedral in 1536.

• The Act of Supremacy in 1534.

• The Act of Suppression in 1536.

What were the aims of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

• Ceasing the dissolution of monasteries.

• A ban on people of ‘low birth’, like Thomas Cromwell, advising the King.

• Recognising the Pope as the Supreme Head of the Church.

• The dismissal of Thomas Cromwell and other advisors who were offering the King poor advice.

• The lowering of food prices and taxes.

• Removing the prayer book that was issued in 1535.

What were the methods used during the Pilgrimage of Grace?

• The Lincoln Articles: The demands of the Lincoln pilgrims, which were created in 1536 and sent to Henry VIII.

• Violent Uprising.

• Pilgrims Oath.

• Slogans and banners to display their loyalty to the Pope.

What were the outcomes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

• Robert Aske is hanged in a noose of chains.

• All monasteries were dissolved.

• 216 people were executed.

• The rebellion failed, and Henry VIII secured his position as the Supreme Head of the Church.

What were the causes of the English Revolution?

• King Charles I was accused of being a Catholic, as his wife, Henrietta Maria, was a French Catholic.

• He attempted to introduce a New Prayer Book in Scotland in 1637.

• His Personal Rule from 1629 to 1640.

• His enforcement of Ship Money.

• His rejection of the Grand Remonstrance.

• King Charles I attempted to arrest his five biggest opponents in Parliament.

What were the aims of the English Revolution?

• The abolition of Ship Money.

• Transferring control of the army from the King to Parliament.

• The Triennial Bill: Parliament to be called every three years.

• An end to absolutism.

• Equal land distribution.

• Parliament to have more influence on political decisions.

What were the methods of the English Revolution?

• The radical ideas of the Diggers and the Levellers.

• The use of civil war.

• The New Model Army.

• Meetings such as the Putney Debates in 1647.

• The Grand Remonstrance put pressure on Charles I to meet Parliament’s demands.

• Regicide.

What were the outcomes of the English Revolution?

• In 1649, Charles I was executed.

• England was declared a ‘Commonwealth’ and was ruled by Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.

• Between 1649 and 1650, Cromwell committed massacres in Drogheda, killing 3000, and Wexford, killing 2000.

• In 1653, Cromwell became Lord Protector after Parliament failed.

• In 1657, he was offered the crown but refused it.

• The Glorious Revolution. England becomes a democracy.

What were the causes of the American Revolution?

• The Seven Years’ War: The British government was forced to send troops to the American Colonies to protect the colonists from the French, who were after British territory. (1756 to 1763)

• The Stamp Act in 1763. All printed materials are printed on paper produced in London.

• Being unfairly taxed, without being able to vote for the government.

What were the aims of the American Revolution?

• Demanded representation in the British Parliament if they were to be taxed by the British Parliament.

• Independence from Britain.

• Equality and rights for the colonists.

What were the methods used during the American Revolution?

• The Stamp Act Congress. The Colonists made it clear that they resented the taxation of the British Government.

• The radical ideas of Thomas Paine. In 1776, he published his book titled ‘Common Sense’, which sold five hundred thousand copies.

• The Declaration of Independence communicated their rights and ideas.

• War: The Colonists, helped by the French, defeated the British in Yorktown in 1781.

What were the outcomes of the American Revolution?

• Britain was defeated at Yorktown in 1781.

• The colonists earned the status of being the first colony to defeat a European power.

• The concept of self-governance emerged.

• Medieval orthodoxies are rejected.

• Influenced the French Revolution in 1789.

• The concept of Human Rights emerged.

• In 1791, Thomas Paine published ‘The Rights of Man’, which exemplifies the influence of the Enlightenment Ideas on society.