Physical Sciences Examination Guidelines Grade 12

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts in Physical Sciences for Grade 12 based on the Examination Guidelines.

Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS)

A guideline that outlines the nature and purpose of Physical Sciences in Grade 12.

National Senior Certificate (NSC) Examination

The final external exam for learners in South Africa's Grade 12.

Cognitive Levels

Four levels of assessment: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, and Evaluating.

Paper 1: Physics

Focus on topics like Newton's Laws, Mechanics, and electricity.

Paper 2: Chemistry

Focus on chemical change, stoichiometry, and electrochemistry.

Weighting of Cognitive Levels

Distribution of question difficulty across different cognitive levels.

Frictional Force

The force opposing the motion of an object; categorized into static and kinetic friction.

Newton's First Law of Motion

A body remains in its state of rest or motion unless acted upon by a net force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Stress and Strain

Measures of how materials deform under stress - stress is force per unit area, and strain is the deformation.

Conservation of Momentum

The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant.

Exothermic Reactions

Reactions that release energy during the transformation.

Endothermic Reactions

Reactions that absorb energy during the transformation.

Hydrolysis

The reaction of a salt with water, which can lead to acidic or basic solutions.

Electrolytic Cells

Cells where electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.

Avogadro's Constant

The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, in one mole of a substance, approximately $6.02 imes 10^{23}$.

Chemical Equilibrium

A state where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Acid-Base Titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base.

Oxidation

The process of a substance losing electrons, increasing its oxidation state.

Reduction

The process of a substance gaining electrons, decreasing its oxidation state.

Significant Figures

Digits that carry meaning contributing to their measurement accuracy.

Balance of Equations

The method of ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of a chemical equation.