5th lecture

agnosia

disorder of perception/recognition, when general intellectual abilities are relatively intact

paresthesia

burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body

hiperesthesia

Hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli/unpleasant

poliesthesia

irritation is felt not only in the irritated area, but also on the other side of the body in a symmetrical place

synesthesia

when stimulated with a single stimulus, multiple stimuli are felt at one or more sites

hipoesthesia

partial or complete loss of sensation in a part of the body

anesthesia

partial or total body numbness

disesthesia

(skin) sensory disturbance, unpleasant sensation

hyperalgesia

extreme sensitivity to pain, body overreacts to painful stimuli

hypoalgesia

diminished sensitivity to pain

ametropia (myopia and hyperopia)

eye cannot focus light correctly on the retina

presbyopia

physiological age-related weakening of accommodation

anisometropia

vision in one eye worse due to difference in refractive error

hemianopsia

loss of either side of both visual fields or their symmetrical defects. Occurs due to damage to the optic chiasm and optic pathways above

dysmetria (overshoot and undershoot)

impaired ability to judge distance or scale movement

nystagmus

involuntary eye movement

visual paralysis

paralysis of the visual muscle

cross-eyedness

inward or outward looking (eye movement disorder)

reflecting blindness

blindness due to a muscle spasm

stereoblidness

you can’t perceive depth

diplopia

double vision

hemerolopy

problems seeing in the dark

astenopia/eye strain

eyes get tired fast

amblyopia/lazy eye

one eye is weaker

opthalmia

inflammation of the eye, eyeball swells

visual object agnosia

you see an object but cannot name it

visual picture agnosia

you see an object in a drawing of picture, but cannot name it

face agnosia (prosopagnosia and autoprosopagnosia)

inability to recognize faces

colour agnosia

inability to recognize colors

simultagnosia

can only perceive 1 object at a time

optical ataxia

visual paralysis, visual attention deficit

optic spatial agnosia

inability to perceive spatial cues

blindsight

ability to discriminate objects, but inability to perceive them

dysmetropsia

a group of perceptual distortions where the brain miscalculates visual metrics (size, form, distance)

makropsia

objects appear larger

mikropsia

objects appear smaller

metamorfopsia

distorted perception

pelopsia

objects are perceived closer

teleopsia

objects are perceived further

aperceptive agnosia

disrupted ability to form a percept

asociative agnosia

disrupted ability to join percept (image) with meaning

tactile agnosia

diminished perception of form, texture and other features upon touching

tactile object agnosia

unable to recognise shape, name object purpose, confuses objects, especially difficulties with vouminous objects

astereognosis

agnosia of object texture, size and weight

tactile aphasia

can compare similar objects, name their differences, but cannot name them from touch, Naming visually ok

tactile inattention

disorder of allocating attention in the tactile field (in conditions of competition)

atopognosia

disordered ability to localize stimulation

tactile Alexia

unable to recognize letters drawn on skin

somatoagnosia

a disorder of perception of own body scheme; of arrangement of body parts and/or of functional deviations

anosognosia

being unaware of body disorders

autotopagnosia

disordered or in-perception of body parts

hemikorpo autotopagnosia

ignoring half of body

somatoparagnosia

perception of own body parts as belongings to someone else

somatic aloesrhesia

attributing sensation in one side to another

finger agnosia

disorder of finger identification

body position autotopagnosia

an inability to mentally represent the spatial layout of one’s own body

makrosomatognosia

perceived enlargement of body parts

mikrosomatognosia

perceived diminishment of body parts

anosognosia

disordered perception or imperception of disorders of organ functioning

anosognosia of hemiplegia

A disorder in which a patient with paralysis of one side of the bodydenies, minimizes, or is unaware of their paralysis.

anosognosia of blindness/hemianopsy

a patient with cortical blindness or visual field loss (hemianopia) is unaware of the deficit

anosognosia of hemianestesia

a patient with loss of sensation on one side of the body is unaware of the sensory deficit

anosognosia of aphasia

A patient with language impairment (often Wernicke’s aphasia) is unaware of their deficits

anosognosia of pain

lack of emotional aspect for pain stimuli

auditory agnosia

impaired recognition of voices and sounds

deafness for words

hear sounds but cannot understand it (like an unknown foreign language)

auditory nonverbal agnosias

not able to hear sounds, tones, …

sensory amusia

not able to recognize music

semantic associative auditory agnosia

inability to recognize everyday sounds

discrimination agnosia

inability to compare to meaningless sounds

disordered perception of short sounds

inable to perceive small sounds

disordered sound timbre perception

for of auditory nonverbal agnosia

disordered localization of sound

inability to hear where the sound is coming from