409 ATI things

U waves on EKG indicate:

hypokalemia

characteristics of variant angina:

occurs with rest, usually occurs at the same time each day, can cause EKG changes, is caused by vasospasm

aplastic anemia safety considerations

dont eat uncooked food and dont take aspirin

s/s DVT

hardening along blood vessel; tenderness in the calf; bigger calf

indications of MI:

N/V; sweat and dizzy; anxiety and feelings of doomind; diminished pulse; tachypnea

indications of angina

chest pain that radiates

unstable chest pain lasts:

longer than 15 min

if low prothrombin time, what do you give

FFP

med to give for iron deficiency anemia

ferrous sulfatemed

med to give for anemia secondary to chemo

epoetin alfame

med to give for pernicious anemia

B12

hypocalcemia EKG changes:

prolonged QT intervals

manifestations of hypocalcemia

tingling, numbness, tetany, seizures, prolonged QT intervals, and laryngospasm

causes of hypocalcemia

hypoparathyroidsm, CKD, disease

hypokalemia EKG changes

flat T waves and dysrhytmias

hypercalcemia EKG changes

shortens QT interval

hyperkalemia EKG changes

widens QRS complex

resp acidosis can result in what electrolyte imbalance

high K

causes of low Na

diuretics, kidney disease, vomiting, and burn injuries

causes of high Ca

kidney failure and hyperparathyroidism

causes of low Mg

malnutrition, alcohol use disorder, and diarrhea

common cause of death post MI:

dysrhythmias

low K EKG changes:

flat T wave or development of U wave

hypocalcemia EKG change:

prolonged ST interval and prolonged QT interval

s/s of cardiac tamponade

hypotension, muffled heart sounds, pulses pardoxis (systolic BP is higher on expiration than inspiration)

s/s hyperchloremia

THESE ARE SAME AS THOSE OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, HYPERVOLEMIA, AND HYPERNATREMIA

tachpnea, weakness, lethargy, deep, rapid respirations; diminished cognitive ability; HTNa

high Cl level is often accompanied by

high Na level and fluid retention

metabolic acidosis and other findings:

it is often d/t lactic acidosis d/t anaerobic metabolism that occurs during shock states or following cardiac arrest

early s/s of met acidosis

headarche, lethargy, confusion, sluggishness, increased respiratory rate and depth, nausea, vomitinglate

later s/s of met acid

obtundation and coma; decreased myocardial contractility, arrhythmias, decreased CO, and hyperkalemia

comepnsatory mech in met acid

hyperventilation

s/s of met alk

when mild, asx. s/s are r/t hypocalcemia → tingling of fingers and toes, dizziness, and hypertonic muscles

as alk worsens, atrial tachycardia, hypokalemia, and ventricular disturbances may occur; as well as decreased motility and paralytic ileus; as potassium decreased, U waves may be seen on EKG

compensation for met alk

hypoventilation

expected e- in met alk

hypokalemia and hypocalcemia

graves disease s/s

HTN, fever, abd pain, tachy

category sx of hypoparathyroidism

low Ca

findings in SIADH

excessive release of ADH causes:

low UO, sticky/thick urine; hyponatremia, low serum osmolality; headache; seizures d/t low Na; high BP d/t high BV; hypothermia

diet needed for addison’s disease

high in protein, carbs, and Na

what hormone results in addisons

not enough cortisol and loss of aldosterone

addisons causes what e- imbalance

hyperK

expected findings in addisons

hypotension, weight loss, salt craving, increased skin pigmentation

skin finding in cushings:

purple striae on chest and abd

s/s graves

increased appetite but still weight loss; heat intolerance; diarrhea; difficulty sleeping and anxiety

high TSH means what

hypothyroid

manifestations of graves

fever, tremors, diaphoresis and heat intolerance

NCLEX pneumonic for hyperCA

“bones, groans, stones, and psychic moans”

bone pain, kidney stones, constipation and nausea, and confusion, depression, lethargy

PO monitoring for hyperparathyroidism

Ca can drop quickly - watch for chovkset, trousseay, and laryngospasms

first line tx for symptomatic hypoCa

IV calcium gluconate

safety concerns post parathyroidectomy

airway supplies (in case hypoCa causes laryngospasm), calcium gluconate (for low Ca), notify provider if something happens

high Ca foods

dairy, dark leafy greensdiet

dietary teaching for hypoparathyroid

do Vit D WITH Ca bc without it the Ca can’t be used

avoid phosphorous foods like carbonated soda and processed food

should heat or cold be applied for RA

heat

s/s tuberculosis

low grade fever, weight loss, blood-streaked sputum