CH. 6 EMS Review

Pediatric Triangle

Use: fast assessment and can be done from afar

Points: appearance, circulation, breathing

early signs of respiratory distress in children

blue lips!

late signs of respiratory distress in children

bradycardia and bradypnea

important pediatric airway anatomy

• large tongue

• floppy epiglottis

infant pulse rate range

85-205

infant compression ratio (1-res and 2-res)

• 1-res: 30:2

• 2-res: 15:2

at what age does the compression ratio change for 2-rescuer?

8 years old

what are the two main causes of pediatric shock"?

trauma and dehydration

what are the two biggest causes for dehydration in children

diarrhea and vomiting

equation to find average BP of children

70 + 2x age of the child

at what age do you not take a BP on a child

3 and younger

what age range are febrile seizures common?

6 months to 6 years

what happens in shaken baby syndrome

bleeding in brain and damage to c-spine

what will baby’s fontanelles look like if they are severely dehydrated?

sunken fontanelle

Bradycardia and bradypnea are ominous signs of…

cardiac arrest

what do you do differently when opening a child’s airway vs an adult’s airway

put a towel under the child’s shoulders

what do grunting sounds mean?

child is trying to keep airway open, having trouble breathing

what age range is SIDS a concern?

0-12 months

what are the guidelines for pediatric CPR?

if you only have adult pads, one on front and one on back

what does the weapons of mass-destruction CBRNE acronym stand for

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives

what does the nerve agent DUMBELS acronym stand for

diarrhea, urination, miosis (pinpoint pupils), bradycardia, emesis, lethargy/lacrimation, salivation

what is the appropriate landing zone for a helicopter

100ft x 100ft

what traffic laws are ambulances NOT exempt from

school bus stops, school zones, and driving opposite on one-way roads (based on program)

what does START stand for in triage

simple treatment and rapid transport

what are the toxicity ratings 0-4

• 0: nothing

• 1: irritation

• 2: temporary damage if not treated

• 3: extreme hazard

• 4: minimal contact = death

if breathing is > 30/ min, what triage tag is appropriate

red

if there is confusion or patient cannot follow commands, what do you tag them

red

A 6-year-old patient is found apneic with a palpable radial pulse; after you open the airway and deliver 5 rescue breaths, he begins breathing spontaneously at 20 breaths per minute. According to the JumpSTART triage algorithm, what color tag should this patient receive?

red

A 45-year-old female is found sitting on the ground with a large leg laceration; she is breathing at 35 breaths per minute, has a radial pulse of 110, and can follow your command to hold a bandage over her wound. Triage tag?

red

A 30-year-old male has been thrown from a vehicle; he is breathing 24 times per minute, has a strong radial pulse, but when you ask him to squeeze your hand, he just stares at you blankly and doesn't respond. What color tag does he get?

red