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Last updated 3:15 AM on 6/7/26
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13 Terms

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What is the Product Rule in genetics?
Multiply the probabilities of independent events occurring together.
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When is the Product Rule used?
When calculating the probability of two or more events occurring together (AND).
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What is the Sum Rule in genetics?
Add the probabilities of mutually exclusive events.
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When is the Sum Rule used?
When calculating the probability of one event OR another event occurring.
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What is polymorphism?
The presence of multiple alleles of a gene within a population.
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Can an individual have more than two alleles of a gene?
No, individuals have at most two alleles, but populations may have many.
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What is incomplete dominance?
A pattern where the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype.
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What is the phenotypic ratio from an incomplete dominance cross ?

1 : 2 : 1

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What is co-dominance?
A pattern where both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.
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Why is blood type AB an example of co-dominance?
Both A and B antigens are expressed.
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What is a polygenic trait?

A trait controlled by many genes like weight and skin colour

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What determines phenotype?
Genes plus environmental influences.
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how environmental factor affect phenotype

Organisms with the same genotype may show different phenotypes when exposed to different environments.