Nursing Module Flashcards: Professional Adjustment, Leadership, Management, and Research

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering Nursing Jurisprudence, Management, Leadership, and Research based on the module transcript.

Profession

An occupation or calling requiring advanced training and experience in some specific or specialized body of knowledge, which provides service to society in that special field.

Professional Nurse

A person who has completed a basic nursing education program and is licensed in his/ her country or state to practice professional nursing.

License

A legal document given by the government that permits a person to offer to the public his or her skills and knowledge in a particular jurisdiction.

Registration

The recording of names of persons who have qualified under the law to practice their respective professions.

R.A. $9173$

Also known as the Philippine Nursing Act of $2002$, this law states that license to practice nursing shall be issued to those who pass the licensure examination or by reciprocity.

Registration by Reciprocity

The issuance of a certificate of registration without examination to nurses registered under the laws of a foreign state or country provided their requirements are substantially the same as the Philippine Nursing Act.

Continuing Professional Development (CPD)

Planned learning experiences beyond the basic education program, involving inculcation of advanced knowledge, skills, and ethical values for professional practice.

$$RA\,10912$$

The Continuing Professional Development Act of $2016$, which requires a specific number of credit units for license renewal.

Required CPD Credit Units

Under $RA\,10912$, nurses are required to have $15$ units per year, totaling $45$ units for the Professional Identification Card (PIC) renewal every $3$ years.

In-Service Education

A planned program provided by an employing agency for its employees to improve professional practice and performance.

Teleological Approach

An ethical theory where the right thing to do is the good thing to do, focusing on the promotion of happiness or the greatest net increase of pleasure over pain.

Deontological Approach

A duty-oriented theory by Immanuel Kant stating a person is morally good if their actions are done from a sense of duty and reason.

Autonomy

An ethical principle involving self-governance, voluntary decision-making, and the freedom to choose and implement one's decision.

Veracity

The ethical principle of truth-telling.

Beneficence

The acts of kindness and mercy that directly benefit the patient, promote health, and alleviate suffering.

Non-maleficence

The ethical principle to do no harm, such as not assisting in suicide or not performing euthanasia.

Justice

The ethical principle of just, fair, and equal treatment.

Fidelity

The ethical principle of keeping one's promises and maintaining loyalty.

Principle of Epikia

A presumption that the authority making a law does not wish to bind a person in a particular exceptional case, even if covered by the letter of the law.

Two-fold Effect

A basis for action when a situation has both good and bad effects, requiring the action to be morally good and the good effect to be willed.

Public Law

A classification of law that affects the general public, such as criminal laws regarding euthanasia or abortion.

Private Law

A classification of law that affects the relationship of an individual to another individual.

Reglementary Period

The $30$-day period in which a nurse can file an appeal with the Professional Regulatory Commission after a license suspension or revocation order is received.

Revocation

The permanent invalidation of a license, which under $RA\,9173$ is limited to $4$ years under specific conditions.

Illegal Dismissal

Cases filed with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) when there is a lack of due process prior to the dismissal of an employee.

Negligence

The commission or omission of an act that a reasonably prudent person would or would not do, being the proximate cause of injury.

Res Ipsa Loquitor

A legal term meaning 'The thing speaks for itself,' where the injury could not have happened unless someone was negligent.

Malpractice

The term for professional negligence committed in the course of professional performance.

Force Majeure

An irresistible force that is unforeseen or inevitable.

Respondeat Superior

A legal principle meaning 'Let the master answer for the acts of the subordinate,' indicating shared liability between employee and employer.

Informed Consent

A free and rational act presupposing knowledge of the procedure, its risks, alternatives, and benefits, signed by a legally capable person.

Living Will

A directive given by the patient as to the type of treatment they want to receive if they enter respiratory arrest, such as DNR or DNI.

Durable Power of Attorney

A legal assignment where a patient appoints a person to make healthcare decisions on their behalf.

Assault

An imminent threat of harmful or offensive bodily contact, such as a verbal threat to restrain a patient.

Battery

The intentional, unconsented physical touching of another person.

Defamation

Character assassination through written (libel) or spoken (slander) words.

Conspiracy

A criminal involvement involving a Principal (mastermind), Accomplice (cooperator), and Accessory (assists after the crime).

Justifying Circumstance

A circumstance where there is no criminal liability because the act is justified, such as self-defense.

Exempting Circumstance

A situation where the person is exempted from criminal liability, such as being an imbecile or a person below $9$ years old.

Mitigating Circumstance

A factor that decreases criminal liability, such as voluntary surrender or the convict being over $70$ years old.

Aggravating Circumstance

A factor that increases criminal liability, such as cruelty, treachery, or crimes committed during times of calamity.

Leadership

The process of influencing the behavior or actions of a person or group to attain desired objectives and achieving shared goals.

Great Man Theory

The theory that great leaders are born with unique characteristics and arise when there is a great need.

Contingency Theory

According to Fred Fiedler, this theory suggests that a leader's ability to lead depends upon the situation and flexibility.

Authoritarian Leadership

A leadership style characterized by strong control, downward communication, and decision-making by one person.

Laissez-faire Leadership

A leadership style with little or no control, where decision-making is left to the group members who must be self-directed.

Gantt Chart

A management tool that depicts the relationship of work planned or completed on one axis to the time needed on the other.

Theory X

A behavioral science theory by Douglas McGregor assuming people dislike work, have no ambition, and are motivated by fear.

Theory Y

A behavioral science theory by Douglas McGregor assuming people seek responsibility, have self-direction, and are motivated by praise.

Expert Power

Power based on the possession of special abilities, skills, or expertise relevant to the job.

Pareto Principle

Also known as the $80-20$ rule, stating that roughly $80\%$ of effects come from $20\%$ of the causes.

Principle of Least Effort

A description of human behavior where a client will tend to use the most convenient search method and tools that are familiar.

Strategic Planning

Planning that occurs $3-5$ years in the future, setting overall goals and policies for the organization.

Operational Planning

Daily and weekly plans for department maintenance, improvement goals, and direct patient care.

Operating Budget

A budget for daily revenue and expenses including salaries, supplies, employee benefits, and laundry services.

Capital Expenditure Budget

A budget for major expenditures and fixed assets like replacement plants or equipment such as MRI and CT scans.

Zero-Based Budgeting

A budgeting type that forces managers to justify every expense and set priorities, though it is time-consuming.

Span of Control

The number of people that report directly to a specific manager.

Cyclical Scheduling

A scheduling system that covers a designated number of weeks as one cycle, which is then repeated.

Functional Nursing

A task-oriented nursing modality where particular functions, such as giving medications, are assigned to specific workers.

Primary Nursing

A system where a Registered Nurse is responsible for the total care of a small group of patients ($4-6$) from admission to discharge.

Nursing Audit

The measurement of actual performance of nursing personnel against standards, which can be concurrent or retrospective.

Kurt Lewin's Theory of Change

A theory consisting of three stages: Unfreezing (awareness of need), Moving (working toward change), and Refreezing (stabilization).

Basic Research

Research undertaken to extend the base of knowledge in a discipline or to formulate or refine a theory.

Applied Research

Research designed to find solutions to existing problems with immediate utility for evidence-based practice.

Independent Variable

The variable that is the presumed cause or influence on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The behavior, characteristic, or outcome the researcher is interested in understanding; it is the presumed effect.

Grounded Theory

A qualitative research method that strives to generate comprehensive explanations of phenomena grounded in reality to develop a theory.

Phenomenological Research

A qualitative approach concerned with the lived experiences of humans.

Standard Deviation

A descriptive statistic that indicates the average amount of deviation of values from the mean.

Type I Error

A 'False Positive' error that occurs when the researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true.

Type II Error

A 'False Negative' error that occurs when the researcher accepts a null hypothesis that is actually false.

Triangulation

The use of multiple sources or referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth in research.

Anonymity

The most secure means of protecting confidentiality where even the researcher cannot link participants to their data.

Likert Scale

A psychometric scale commonly used in research questionnaires to measure attitudes or opinions.

Nominal Measurement

The lowest level of measurement involving assigning numbers to classify characteristics into categories like gender or blood type.

Ratio Measurement

The highest level of measurement which has a rational, meaningful zero, providing absolute magnitude of an attribute.

Chi-Square Test

A non-parametric test used to test hypotheses about the proportion of cases that fall into different categories.

ANOVA

The Analysis of Variance, a parametric procedure for testing differences between means when there are $3$ or more groups.

Median

The point in a distribution above and below which $50\%$ of cases fall.

Range

A measure of variability calculated as the highest score minus the lowest score in a distribution.

Pearson's r

A correlation coefficient used for variables measured on an interval or ratio scale, ranging from $-1.00$ to $+1.00$.

$$RA\,7305$$

The Magna Carta for Public Health Workers.

$$RA\,6675$$

The Generics Act.

$$RA\,9262$$

The Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act.

$$PD\,996$$

The law requiring compulsory immunization of all children below $8$ years of age against six childhood diseases.

$$RA\,8504$$

The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act.

$$RA\,9288$$

The Newborn Screening Act of $2004$.

$$RA\,7600$$

The Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act.

$$RA\,7432$$

The law entitling the elderly to a $20\%$ discount in public establishments.

$$RA\,9165$$

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act.

$$RA\,3573$$

The law declaring all communicable diseases must be reported to the nearest health station.

Code of Good Governance

Promulgated on July $23$, $2003$, stating that the hallmark of professionals is their willingness to accept professional and ethical principles.

Staff Organization

An organizational structure that is purely advisory to the line structure with no authority to put recommendations into action.

Grapevine

Informal communication characterized by rapid transmission that is often subject to much distortion or gossip.

Case Method

A nursing care delivery system with a $1:1$ nurse-to-patient ratio, commonly used in ICU or private duty nursing.

Benchmarking

A continuous process of measuring existing practices against the best in the field to assist in quality-of-care decisions.

Peer Review

An audit process where employees of the same rank evaluate another's job performance against accepted standards.

Counseling and Oral Warning

The first stage of disciplinary action, best given in private and in an informal atmosphere.

Empirical-Rational Strategy

A change strategy based on the assumption that people are rational and will adopt change if it is justified and beneficial.