1812-32

1812

Machine Breaking made capital offense

1815 - describe

Corn Laws introduced - to reward farmers and landowners, kept price artificially high

1816

Income Tax abolished - tax placed in everyday items like soap and candles instead

where was Habeas Corpus suspended?

1817, after Spa Fields

when was the Seditious meetings act passed?

1817

when was the Game Laws passed? - what did it do?

1817 - stopped poor from hunting

when was Six Acts? what was it?

1819 - essentially reign of terror legislation in one act, response to Peterloo

what did the 1819 Factory Act do?

restricted hours for children in textile mills to 12 per day, under 9s couldn’t work

when was the Truck Act passed? what did it do?

1819 - stopped practice of paying workers in vouchers that could only be used in owners shops

when was the Poor Employment Act? what was this?

1819 - allowed local councils to provide public works for unemployed

what was the Divorce Bill?

1820 - Liverpool’s gov failed to get the divorce for King George IV due to public pressure

what did Peel begin in 1822?

abolition of the Bloody Code, and recodification of laws to prevent death penalty for minor crimes eg pickpocketing

when were the Corn Laws modified?

1822

when was the Gaols Act passed? what did it do?

1823 - allowed for paid wardens, better condition and removed corruption

when and what was the Reciprocity of Duties Acts?

1823 - allowed 15 reciprocal agreements with countries like Prussia and Brazil

what did the 1824 Navigation Acts do?

removed monopoly on using British ships for trade

what did the 1824 Combination act do?

made trade unions legal, allowing workers to come together to protests

what did the 1825 Amending Act do?

removed strikes and picketing

who passed Free Trade Budgets?

Huskisson and Robinson

what was passed in 1826?

Banking Act

when was the Repeal of Test and Corporations?

1828

when was the sliding scale for the Corn Laws?

1828

when was Catholic Emancipation Passed?

1829

when was the Met Police established?

1829

what was passed in 1832?

Great Reform Act

CE was promised by who to get Act of Union passed? rejected by who?

Pitt - King

what happened when Grenville then reproposed it?

rejected

what happened under Liverpool?

not discussed - although members eg Canning supported it

when was the Catholic Association founded? what did they do?

1823 - raised penny rent collected by Catholic Church - raised £17,000 per month - supported County Clare election

what did Daniel O’Connell’s County Clare election trigger?

Wellington’s decision to accept Huskisson’s resignation and appoint Fitzgerald

who convinced Wellington to pass CE?

Peel

what could catholics now do? how did the gov respond?

sit in Parliament - gov responded by increasing voting qualifications in Ireland

what happened to the Tory Party?

split - Ultras unhappy

what happened to Peel?

lost seat at Oxford University

what happened to Wellington?

fought a duel at Battersea

what was the coal output in 1815 and 1830?

1815 = 16 million tons

1830 = 30 million tons

less of what was needed to make pig iron? why?

coal - better techniques

what percentage of the workforce was employed in textiles?

30%

what percentage of exports were linked to textiles?

70%

what represented 20% of all imports?

raw cotton

how many power looms were there in 1803 compared to 1830?

1803 = 2400

1830 = 100,000

what is a representation of middle class consumerism?

Stoke on Trent potteries

what technology was developed in 1828?

hot air blast furnace for iron

when were cast iron power looms invented?

1822

when was the safety lamp for mining?

1813

were trains important?

not yet

what railway carried coal 1825?

Stockton to Darlington

when and where was the first passenger railway?

Manchester to Liverpool, 1830

by 1832 how many miles of railway track?

100 miles

what act led to more farming changes? what did it allow?

Enclosure Acts - more mixed farming (crops and animals)

who was worst paid?

agricultural labourers

were agricultural changes uniform? give example

no - machines invented but not widely used

what did Norfolk crop rotation see?

clover and turnips rotated with corn and wheat

what movement happened in 1811-13 and where?

Luddism, largely in East Midlands and Yorkshire

when was Spa Fields? what happened? what did they call for?

1816 - Group of Spenceans turned violent - largely peaceful - called for parliamentary reform

when were the Blanketeers? what were they doing? who were they? what did they call for?

1817 - March from Manchester to London - handloom weavers - protesting against corn laws and calling for electoral reform

what happened in 1818?

Pentrich Uprising, agitated by spy Oliver

When was Peterloo? what was it? what did it call for?

1819 - 60,000 protesters to hear Henry Hunt - called for parliamentary reform

when was the Queen Caroline Affair?

1820 - over King’s divorce

when was the Cato Street Conspiracy? what did they aim to do?

1820 - assassinate cabinet

when was the Catholic Association formed?

1823

what happened in 1830?

swing riots, multiformity of protests in southern counties

what took place in 1831?

Reform Riots (including Bristol and Wells)

what happened in 1832? what did it call for?

Days of May - pushed for electoral reform