Redone Muscles of the Trunk

Trapezius

Elevates, retracts, depresses, and upwardly rotates the scapula; assists neck movement.

Latissimus Dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; assists with pulling movements.

Levator Scapulae

Elevates the scapula and assists lateral flexion of the neck.

Rhomboid minor

Retracts and stabilizes the scapula

Rhomboid major

Retracts, elevates, and stabilizes the scapula

Serratus posterior superior

Elevates ribs 2-5 during inspiration.

Serratus posterior inferior

Depresses ribs 9-12 during expiration.

Splenius capitis

Extends and rotates the head.

Splenius cervicis

Extends and rotates the cervical spine

Erector Spinae

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
Extends the spine, maintains posture, and laterally flexes the trunk.

External intercostal muscle

Elevate ribs during inspiration

Internal intercostal muscles

Depress ribs during forced expiration and stabilise intercostal spaces

Innermost intercostal muscles

Assist internal intercostals in respiration

Pectoralis minor

Protracts and depresses the scapula; assists inspiration

Pectoralis major

Flexion, adduction, and medially rotates the arm

Internal Oblique

Compresses abdominal contents; flexes and rotates trunk

External Oblique

Compresses abdominal contents; flexes and rotates trunk

Rectus abdominis

Flexes the trunk; compresses abdominal contents

Transverse abdominis

Compresses and supports abdominal contents; increases intra-abdominal pressure; stabilises the trunk and spine

Semispinalis

Extension and contralateral rotation of head and thorax

Multifidus

Stabilises and extends vertebral column; proprioception

Rotatores

Stabilises vertebral column; proprioception

interspinales

Stabilise adjacent vertebrae

intertransversarii

Stabilise adjacent vertebrae; assist lateral flexion

Levatores costarum

Elevate ribs; assist inspiration