Psych 345 Exam 3 Flashcards

mere exposure effect

the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more we like it

proximity (propinquity) effect

the more we see and INTERACT with people physically closer to us, the more likely we are to like them

similarity

the more familiar and percieved to be similar we are with someone, the more likely we are to like them

complementarity

how well two people work with each other. foind that couples with similar goals but different planning have best relationship wellbeing

matching hypothesis (assortative mating)

tendency for people to choose partners they see as a “good match”/within “our league” in terms of attractiveness and other traits

average faces

combination of most common features in a culture is considered more attractive

halo effect

cognitive bias where we think people with one positive characteristic also have other (even unrelated) positive characteristics. ADJUSTS according to what we think is “good”

halo effect phone study

men treated women more favorably over the phone if they saw an attractive photo of the woman beforehand

generalized reciprocity

liking people in general > usually wanted in platonic friendships

selective reciprocity

when people like us specifically and no one else > great for romantic relationships

reciprocal liking

knowing that someone likes you back makes you like them more as a result

self disclosure

revealing personal information to someone else; basis for developing relationships

perceived responsiveness

believing that the person listening to you is caring, understanding, and validating

fast friends study

closeness in questions is better than small talk in learning about each other and leads to you liking the other person more

sternberg’s triangular theory of love

love varies according to how much intimacy, passion, and commitment one has to their partner

passionate love

state of intense longing for union. primarily characterized by physiological arousal and sexual desire

companionate love

commitment to support and care for partner, without physiological desire. when partner “is your best friend”

companionate love in marriage study

tracked newlyweds over time; those who remained married had fairly stable companionate love while those who divorced showed declined companionate love

attachment

innate behavioral system with normative caring functions to ensure survival, safety, and growth

secure attachment

around 60%, comfortable being close to others and feels safe in close relationships

avoidant attachment

around 20%, difficulty with trust and dependence, avoids closeness but not necessarily relationships

anxious-ambivalent attachment

around 20%, anxious when love is not returned, worries of abandonment

social support

perceiving that others are being responsive during times of stress

instrumental support

providing resources, info, advice, or other physical assistance

emotional support

conveying love, care, and comfort/reassurance

stress-buffering hypothesis

support protects us from stress if it matches the support recipient’s needs

friendships in North American/West Africa qualitative study

individualistic cultures more likely to prioritize trust/emotional support, while collectivistic cultures value instrumental support