final exam

The nutrient type that is absorbed into lymphatic capillaries instead of blood capillaries is fat.

✅ TRUE

❌FALSE

The general term for any disease of the lymph nodes is lymphadenopathy.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

❌thermoregulation

✅absorption of digested fats

❌transport of absorbed amino acids from the intestine to the liver

❌oxygen delivery to tissues

In what way do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

✅They are more permeable.

❌Their walls are composed of more cell layers.

❌They transport more cells.

❌They have cilia.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of lymphatic vessels?

❌They can contract to propel lymph.

✅They transport lymph to the tissues.

❌They have thin walls.

❌They are blind-ended.

Lymphatic vessels that drain into the right lymphatic duct are the

❌Right femoral vessels

❌right iliac vessels

❌right tibial vessels

✅right mammary vessels

Splenomegaly is

❌congenital absence of the spleen

✅Enlargement of the spleen

❌atrophy of the spleen

❌removal of the spleen

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is called

❌Lymphedema

❌Lymphectomy

✅Lymphadenitis

❌Lymphangitis

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

✅absorption of digested fats

❌storage of blood

❌destruction of old red blood cells

❌removal of impurities

Hodgkin disease is a

❌benign tumor of the spleen

✅malignant tumor of the lymph nodes

❌benign tumor of the lymph nodes

❌malignant tumor of the spleen

The membrane around the lung is the pleura.

✅TRUE

❌FAlSE

As the thoracic cavity increases in size during inhalation, gas pressure within the thorax increases also

❌TRUE

✅FALSE

The small air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged are the alveoli.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Which of the following forms the Adam's apple?

❌cricoid cartilage

✅thyroid cartilage

❌glottis

❌hyoid bone

Which of the following describes what occurs in the lungs?

✅Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli.

❌Both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood into the alveoli.

❌Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood, and oxygen diffuses into the alveoli.

❌Both oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.

How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

✅In the form of bicarbonate ions

❌bound to hemoglobin

❌bound to albumin

❌bound to glucose

Oxygen moves from the lungs into blood by

❌active transport

✅diffusion

❌pinocytosis

❌endocytosis

Carbon monoxide acts as a poison by

✅binding to hemoglobin, displacing oxygen

❌forming carbonic acid

❌binding to hemoglobin, displacing carbon dioxide

❌circulating in the blood at high concentration

Hypoxemia is

excess carbon dioxide in the blood

excess oxygen in the blood

✅deficiency of oxygen in the blood

excess oxygen in the tissues

Exercise, smoke, respiratory infections can trigger asthma.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Low oxygen levels in the tissues is referred to as hypoxia.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Which structure is reinforced by rings of cartilage?

nasopharynx

conchae

✅trachea

all of the above

The most superior portion of the pharynx is the oropharynx.

❌TRUE

✅FALSE

The three main functions of the digestive system are

support, protection, and balance

✅digestion, absorption and elimination

digestion, support, and protection

absorption, secretion, blood volume

The hardest substance found in a tooth is dentin.

❌TRUE

✅FALSE

The organ that receives food following through the pyloric sphincter is the

Esophagus

Stomach

Jejunum

✅Duodenum

Ghrelin is a hormone released by the stomach of that

✅Stimulates hunger

Causes hydration

Releases hydrochloric acid

Diminishes hunger

The hormone Lipton is released by adipose cells for the

None of the above

The release of insulin

✅Regulation of weight

Increase in appetite

Which of the following leads to production of bilirubin when destroyed?

✅Red blood cells

White blood cells

urea

Albumin

Which of the following are functions of the liver ? choose all that apply.

✅Storage of fats, iron and some vitamins

✅Control of blue glucose

✅Detoxification

✅Destruction of old red blood cells

✅Manufacturing bile

❌Synthesis of testosterone and estrogen

When highly acidic Chyme arrives in the duodenum which substance will neutralize the acidity?

Bile

water

✅sodium bicarbonate

Trysin

The main function of bile is emulsification of fats.

✅True

❌false

Which of the following substances digests proteins to peptides and amino acids?

❌lactase

✅Trypsin
❌lipase

❌Hydrochloric acid

The organ that produces a protein-digesting enzyme activated by hydrochloric acid (HCI) is the

❌pancreas

❌esophagus

❌duodenum

✅stomach

You are eating a mixed meal consisting of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. The nutrient type that will be absorbed into the lacteals is

❌none of the answers are correct

❌carbohydrate

❌protein

✅fat

Which of the following are functions of the small intestine? Choose all that apply.

✅Digestion

❌Posture

✅Secretion

✅Motility

✅Absorption

❌Fertility

Which of the following are involved in the function of the kidneys? Choose all that apply.

❌Absorbtion of fats

✅Homeostasis of body fluids

✅Blood pressure regulation

✅Blood glucose control

✅Excretion of unwanted substances

Besides the kidneys, which of the following systems functions in excretion also?

✅Respiratory system

❌Skeletal system

✅Digestive system

✅Integumentary system

❌Lymphatic system

The term retroperitoneal means within the peritoneum.

❌TRUE

✅FALSE

The part of the nephron that drains into the nephron loop is the

✅proximal tubule

The force that drives materials out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule is

❌concentration gradients

❌osmonc pressure

❌active transport

✅blood pressure

Antidiuretic hormone increases

❌hvdrogen ion secretor

❌Filtration

✅water resorption in the collecting duct

❌dilution of the urine

The average daily urine output is

❌10-15 pt

❌10 - 15 L

❌10 - 15 ml

✅1 - 1.5 L

Which of the following is a normal constituent of urine?

❌red blood cells

❌glucose

❌Casts

✅urea

Kidney damage is indicated by urinary presence of

✅Albumin

❌Urochrome

❌Bilirubin

❌Urea

In the nephron, the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Enuresis is involuntary urination also known as "bed wetting."

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

In tubular reabsorption, substances move from the nephron loop to the peritubular capillaries and return to the circulation.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

In the nephron, filtrate is formed as blood pressure

"pushes" water, urea and other ions in through the glomerular capsule.

✅TRUE

❌FALSE

Tubular secretion is where

❌substances stav within the collecting tubule

❌substances move from the glomerule capsule to the peritubular capillaries

✅substances move from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron tubule

Match the definition with the correct term.

The study or body Function -✅ physiology

The term that means farther from the midline of the body is - ✅lateral

A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts- ✅frontal

The dorsal body cavity contains - ✅ brain and spinal

The correct order of body organization from simplest to most complex is

❌system, cell, organ, organism, tissue

❌cell, system, tissue, organ, organism

✅cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

❌organ, tissue, cell, organism, system

Match the definition or statement with the correct term.

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called-✅osmosis

The term that best describes the function of the plasma membrane-✅selectively perm

The structure of the plasma membran-✅phospholipid bil

The organelle that produces energy in the form of ATP-✅mitochondria

The correct order of the stages in mitosis is

✅prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
❌prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase

❌anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase

❌telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase

Match the definition or statement with the correct Term.

An insect or animal that transmits a disease-causing organism from one host to another is-✅vector

A conclusion as Lo the nature of an Illness-✅diagnosis

Beneficial organisms that normally live on or in the body-✅microbiome

The single most important measure for preventing the spread of infection-✅handwashing

Match the definition or statement with the correct Term.

A hereditary lack of melanin results in this disorder-✅albinism

Dense connective tissue, nerves, and

accessory-✅dermis

structures of the skin are especially abundant in-✅keratin

The protein that makes up hair and nails

Muscle that attaches to each hair in the body-✅arrector polio

Match the definition or statement with the correct term.

The shaft of a long bone- ✅diaphysis

The pubic symphysis is an example of a slightly movable joint-✅amphiarthrosis

The bands of connective tissue that hold the bones together-✅ligament

The band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone-✅tendon

The protein that makes up a major component of bone matrix-✅collagen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?

❌protection of delicate structures

❌blood cell production

❌providing a firm framework for the body

✅Sodium storage

Match the definition or statement with the correct term.

The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction-✅acetylcholine

The main muscle that produces a given movement-✅prime mover

The medical term for muscle pain-✅myalgia

A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates-✅motor unit

A muscle type that is involuntary and has striations-✅cardiac muscle

A muscle type that is voluntary and has striations-✅skeletal muscle

Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system?

❌skeletal movemen.

❌posture

❌heat generation

✅body cooling through evaporation

The brain and the spinal cord-✅ central nervous system

Astrocytes and Schwann cells are examples-✅neuroglia

The fatty material that surrounds some axons and speeds nerve impulse in the central nervous systems-✅oligodendrocytes

The fatty material that surrounds some axons and speed nerve impulse in the peripheral system nerve impulses-✅Schwan cells

A point of junction between two nerve cells-✅synaps

At a synapse, which direction does transmission usually occur?

✅from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell

❌between two postsynaptic cell.

❌from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic cell

❌between two presynaptic cells

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata -✅ brain stem

Bronca area- ✅motor speech

Wernickes area-✅ speech comprehension

Area in diencephalon that functions as a relay for incoming sensory information-✅Thalamus

The region of the diencephalon regulating sleep, appetite, the autonomic nervous system, and many other homeostatic functions-✅hypothalamus

Injury to cranial nerve VIl results in

❌drooping eyelid

✅temporary facial paralysis

❌trigeminal neuralgia

❌Difficulty moving the tongue

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic islet's beta cells-✅insulin

A portal system links the hypothalamus to-✅anterior pituitar

The disease that results from the lack of insulin or insulin resistance-✅diabetes mellitu

The hormone that can be used to induce labor-✅oxytocin

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that raises blood glucose levels-✅glucagon

The liquid portion of the blood-✅plasma

The substance that makes up more than 90% of blood plasma-✅water

The protein that carries oxygen in

red hood cell-✅hemoglobin

The most abundant plasma protein-✅albumin

The blood cell that lacks a nucleus-✅erythrocyte

The prevention of blood loss is called-✅homostasis

The function of blood includes transportation, protection and

❌support

✅regulation

❌excretion

❌Digestion

The thick muscular layer of the heart-✅myocaraium

The right side of the heart pumps blood to -✅lungs

The left side of the heart pumps blood-✅body

The heart rate is slowed down by-✅parasympathetic

Vessels that return deoxygenated blood to heart-✅veins

Vessels that take oxygenated blood to body-✅arteries

An abnormally slow heart rate-✅bradycardia

The order in which impulses travel through the heart Is

✅sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

❌atrioventricular node, bundle of His, sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers

❌bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, sinoatrial node, AV node, bundle branches

❌Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, AV node, sinoatrial node, bundle branches

Which of the following describes a risk factor for heart disease that can be modified?

Mr. J tends to deposit fat in abdomen

Mr. J's father died of atherosclerosis

Mr. J is male

✅Mr. J smokes

Match the definition or statement with the correct term.

The blood vessels that have the thinnest walls-✅capillaries

Which vessels drains into the superior vena cava-✅Azygous vein

An artery that is unpaired-✅Brachiocephalic

The vessel with the thickest smooth Muscle tunic-✅artery

The presence of albumin in capillary blood results in

❌hydrostatic pressure, drawing fluid into the capillary

❌hydrostatic pressure, pushing fluid out of the capillary

❌osmotic pressure, pushing fluid out of the capillary

✅osmotic pressure, drawing fluid into the capillary

External gas exchange happens in the___

and internal gas exchange occurs

at the______.

❌adrenals, kidneys

✅lungs, cells

❌hypothalamus, thalamus

❌cells, lungs