Learning (Classical)

learning

long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience

ivan pavlov

classical conditioning in dogs

classical conditioning

people and animals learn to associate neutral stimuli with responses

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

original stimulus that elicits response

unconditioned response (UCR)

natural reflexive response elicited by original stimulus

conditioned response

associate two stimuli together and salivate at CS alone

conditioned stimulus (CS)

learned assisted stimuli

Pavlov UCS

food

pavlov UCR

salivating dog

pavlov CS

bell

pavlov CR

salivating dog to bell

when does learning take place

when animal responds to CS without UCS

acquisition

responding to CS without UCS, new behavior

trace conditioning

presentation of CS followed by US, most effective

simultaneous conditioning

presentation of CS and US at same time

backward conditioning

presentation of US then CS, ineffective

extinction

unlearning behavior, CS no longer elicits CR

how is extinction achieved

repeatedly presenting CS without US, breaks association

spontaneous recovery

after CR extinguished, sometimes briefly reappears upon presentation of CS

generalization

tendency to respond to similar CS

discrimination

tell the difference among various CS so only respond to certain one

aversions conditioning

conditioned to have negative response

higher order conditioning/ second order conditioning

once presentation of bell elicits salvation, pair it with another until that is the stimulus that elicits response

one trail learning

quick and powerful classical conditioning, more rapidly make certain assertion

taste aversion

we are biologically prepared to make certain connections more easily than others like taste

biological preparedness

we are biologically predisposed to associate ex. nausea with food or water and loud sounds with shock