6: Female Histology (Dr. Sun)

prophase I

At birth, all gametes are arrested in what phase of meiosis?

puberty (~8 years old)

Define the following:

The process of sexual development (initiation of sexual development)

initiation of menstrual cycle (menarche: ~12.7 years)

What marks the end of puberty?

28-30 days

How long is the menstrual cycle?

One egg; secondary ooctye

How many eggs are ovulated per cycle? What type of egg?

51.4 years (range: 45-55)

What is the mean age for menopause?

diploid

The primary and secondary oocyte are diploid or haploid?

- secondary oocyte

- polar body

After a primary oocyte goes through meiosis I, what are the products?

- 1 haploid ootid

- 3 secondary polar bodies

After a secondary oocyte and first polar body undergo meiosis II, what are the products?

primordial follicle

What type of follicle is the initial follicle?

primary follicle

What is the follicle that follows the primordial follicle?

vesicular (secondary) follicle

What is the follicle that follows the primary follicle?

mature vesicular follicle

After a vesicular follicle forms, what does it develop into?

ruptures and releases oocyte

At ovulation, what happens to the mature follicle?

corpus luteum

What does the ruptured follicle turn into?

corpus albicans

What is the final stage after corpus luteum matures?

ovary

What organ?

medullary region (blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics)

What is 1?

cortical region (follicles)

What is 2?

ovarian follicles

What is 1?

medullary region

What is 2?

cortical region

What is 3?

tunica albuginea (TA)

What part of the ovary is the ?

Mesothelium

What part of the ovary is at the *

ovary

All of the following are parts of what?

- Mesothelium

- CT capsule

- Cortex

- Medulla

cortex

What layer of the ovary are ovarian follicles found in?

Cortex

What layer of the ovary are interstitial tissue (stroma) found in?

medulla

Which layer of the ovary contains:

- Blood vessels

- Nerves

- Fibroelastic CT

mesothelium

What part of the ovary do 70% of ovarian tumors form in?

primordial follicles

What do these show?

primordial

What type of follicle?

- Single layer, flattened follicle cells

- 600-800K at birth

- Primary oocyte (1° - MI not complete)

- Prophase of meiosis I

- Duplicated chromosomes (4n DNA) (post-crossing over)

primary (early) follicle

What type of follicle?

- Single layer, cuboidal follicle cells (FC)

- Primary oocyte (1°)

- Zona pellucida appears

- Prominent basal lamina

- Stromal cells begin to condense around follicle

primary (early) follicle

What type of follicle is this?

primary (late) follicle

What type of follicle?

- Obvious growth of oocyte

- Several layers of follicular cells - called granulosa cells (GC). Possibly pseudostratified

- Zona pellucida well developed

- Perforated by microvilli from oocyte and granulosa cells

- Gap junctions between microvilli

primary (late) follicle

What type of follicle?

zona pellucida

What structure?

- Meshwork of glycoproteins, including ZP1-3

- ZP3 binds sperm; note perforations for microvilli

secondary (antral)

What type of follicle?

secondary (antral)

What type of follicle?

- Appearance of follicular fluid

- Theca interna (TI) and externa (TE) develop (steroidogenic cells and myofibroblasts, respectively)

secondary (antral)

What type of follicle?

estrogen

What hormone is concentrated in the antrum?

cumulous oophorus

What is 1?

future corona radiata

What is 2?

stratum granulosum

What is 3?

Theca interna (TI)

What is 4?

Theca externa (TE)

What is 5?

synthesize androgens (via LH stimulation)

What is the function of the TI?

antrum

What is 1?

granulosa cells

What is 2?

Basement membrane (BM)

What is 3-4?

Theca interna (TI)

What is 5?

Theca externa (TE)

What is 6?

stroma

What is 7?

androgen

Theca interna (TI) cells release what to granulosa cells?

aromatase

What do granulosa cells release to aid in estrogen release?

- Theca interna (TI)

- Granulosa

What two cells work together to release estrogen?

- Endometrial gland proliferation

- LH surge

What do rising estrogen levels stimulate?

antrum

What is 1?

granulosa cells

What is 2?

Theca interna (TI)

What is 3?

Theca externa (TE)

What is 4?

stroma

What is 5?

mature follicle

What type of follicle?

- Secondary (2°) oocyte (meiosis I [reduction division] has completed)

- Unequal cytokinesis gives rise to first polar body

- Still 2n DNA - will become 1n at the completion of meiosis II*)

Mature vesicular follicle (Graafian follicle)

What does this show?

after LH surge

When does ovulation occur?

Theca externa myofibroblasts

Contraction of what expel the ovum during ovulation?

germinal epithelium

Constant rupture and repair of what may predispose epithelial tumor development?

corpus luteum

What structure?

- Breakdown of follicle basement membrane

- Ingrowth of blood vessels

- Proliferation and infolding of GCs and theca interna (TI) (appears "brain-like")

- Differentiation of theca interna cells and granulosa cells into:

- - Theca lutein cells

- - Granulosa lutein cells

Theca interna (TI)

ID #1

Granulosa cells

ID #2

LH

What hormone stimulates theca lutein cells and granulosa lutein cells?

Once corpus luteum ruptures

When does the ingrowth of blood vessels occur?

corpus luteum

What structure is this?

granulosa lutein cells

What corpus luteum cell type is A ?

theca lutein cells

What corpus luteum cell type is B?

Endometrial

Rising progesterone levels will stimulate what gland secretion?

corpus albicans

What type of cell?

- Form each cycle and following pregnancy

- After ~10d degeneration leads to drop in progesterone

- Corpus luteum cells die & replaced by collagenous scar

- Few cells (thus homogeneous eosinophilia)

- Appears "cloud-like"

Corpus luteum

If pregnancy occurs, what will persist ~6 months due to placental chorionic gonadotropin. The continued ____________ progesterone secretion will maintain the uterine lining.

corpus albicans

What cell type?

follicular atresia

What is death and resorption of the follicle?

Follicular atresia

What has the following characteristics:

- Can occur at any stage of folliculogenesis

- 98% of follicles will become ________

- Frequent remnant is the "glassy membrane" (former basement membrane)

glassy membrane (follicular atresia)

The arrows are showing what?

Primordial follicles

ID the cell:

Primary follicle

ID the cell:

Secondary follicle

ID the cell:

Mature vesicular follicle

ID the cell:

Corpus luteum

ID the cell:

Corpus albicans

ID the cell:

- Infundibulum

- Ampulla

- Isthmus

- Intramural

What are the four tube segments of the uterine tube?

Fimbriae

What has the following characteristics:

- Many ciliated cells

- "Catches" ovum

- Ovum (towards uterus)

- Sperm (away from uterus)

What does the uterine tube provide bidirectional transport mechanisms for?

- Serosa

- Muscularis

- Mucosa

- Epithelium

What are the four parts of the oviduct wall structure?

peg cell

What is 1?

ciliated cell

What is 2?

secretory cell

What is 3?

ampulla

What structure?

ampulla

What is the site of fertilization?

estrogen

What increases ciliogenesis?

progesterone

What increases secretory cell proliferation and production?

ithsmus

What segment of the uterine tube?

intramural

What segment of the uterine tube?