19th Century U.S. History Practice Flashcards

A set of 47 vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering American history from mid-19th-century sectionalism through the Reconstruction era.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to the intrests of ones own region, rather than their country.

Industrial Revolution

Northern states Transformed to a self sufficient society, through manufacturing and interconnected road ways

Urbanization

Growth of cities due to industry and immigration

Irish Immigration

Came to America because of the Potato Famine, catholics and protestants

German Immigration

seeking land, jobs, and political freedom

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Legalized workers unions

Ten-Hour Workday

Reform movement to reduce working hours.

King Cotton

Overwhelming economic and political importance of cotton production in the south

Peculiar Institution

Term southern politicians used for ensalved people seen as a peice of property

Nat Turner

Led a major slave revolt in Virginia in 1831.

Denmark Vesey

Planned a slave rebellion in South Carolina.

Planter Aristocracy

Held economic, political and social power in the south as wealthy elites

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. should expand across North America

Alamo

Texas battle where Texans were defeated but inspired further resistance.

Battle of San Jacinto

Texas defeated Mexico and won independence

Annexation of Texas

Texas became part of the United States in 1845.

Oregon Dispute

Boundary dispute with Britain settled at the 49th parallel.

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!"

Slogan demanding U.S. control of Oregon territory.

Mexican-American War

War between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846-1848.

Rio Grande

Border claimed by the United States.

Nueces River

Border claimed by Mexico.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War and gave the U.S. the Mexican Cession.

Mexican Cession

Land gained from Mexico including California and much of the Southwest.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in territory gained from Mexico.

Telegraph

Allowed messages to travel quickly over long distances.

Railroads

Connected regions and expanded markets.

Compromise of 1850

California entered as a free state; stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed popular sovereignty and repealed the Missouri Compromise line.

Popular Sovereignty

Voters decide whether slavery is allowed in a territory.

Bleeding Kansas

Violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers.

Dred Scott Decision

African Americans were not citizens; Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

Republican Party

Political party formed to oppose the expansion of slavery.

Election of 1860

Lincoln's victory led Southern states to secede.

Union Advantages

More population, factories, railroads, and resources.

Confederate Advantages

Strong military leaders and defensive strategy.

Antietam

Bloodiest single day of the war; led to Emancipation Proclamation.

Gettysburg

Major turning point of the Civil War.

Vicksburg

Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed enslaved people in rebelling states and changed the purpose of the war.

African Americans in the Civil War

Served in the Union Army and Navy.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection.

15th Amendment

Protected voting rights regardless of race.

Black Codes

Laws restricting the rights of freed African Americans.

Sharecropping

Farming system that often trapped workers in debt.

Reconstruction

Period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and redefining citizenship.

End of Reconstruction (1877)

Federal troops left the South, allowing many gains for African Americans to be weakened.