Design, Data and Decisions Lecture 1 Flashcards

Lecture 1

What are the two types of graphical summaries of a single variable?

Categorical and Continuous.

What is the purpose of descriptive statistics?

To analyze and describe data.

What are the two main categories of variables?

Categorical (Qualitative) and Quantitative.

What type of variable is age considered if it can be measured in whole numbers?

Discrete.

Define Categorical (Qualitative) variables.

They divide the units into distinct groups or categories.

What are the two types of Categorical variables?

Nominal (no order) and Ordinal (natural ordering).

What is the difference between Nominal and Ordinal variables?

Nominal variables have no intrinsic order, while Ordinal variables have a defined order.

What statistical measures are used to find the 'location' of a distribution for Quantitative variables?

Mode, Median, and Mean.

How is the Median calculated?

It is the middle value of ordered observations.

What does the term 'RANGE' refer to in statistics?

The difference between the smallest and largest values.

What is the Inter-Quartile Range (IQR)?

The range of the middle 50% of the data.

What is the function of a Bar Chart in data representation?

To show the frequency or relative frequency of categories.

What makes a Pie Chart suitable for data presentation?

It's suitable for a single Nominal Variable with few categories.

How does an Outlier affect the Mean of a dataset?

It can pull the mean up or down relative to the median.

What is Standard Deviation a measure of in a dataset?

How spread-out the observations are around the mean.

What is the formula for calculating the Mean of a sample?

Mean = sum of observations / number of observations.