Digestive System

Substance in food used to promote growth, maintenance, and repair

Nutrients

5 major nutrients

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals

Fragment food into smaller particles (teeth, tongue, stomach, SI)

Mechanical

Break down food using enzymes

Chemical

Transport from SI to blood

Absorption

Eliminate indigestible residues (feces)

Excretion

Name the order in of the Alimentary canal

Mouth- Pharynx-Esophagus- stomach- Small- Large

What are some examples of a accessory digestive organ

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, teeth

How much saliva do we create daily

1-1.5 liters

Adult have how many teeth? And children?

32 and 20

What are the dimensions of the esophagus

25cm(10in) long and 2cm(0.8)wide

What converts a meal into acidic chyme

Gastric juice

What is the ph of the gastric juice?

pH:2, making it acidic

What organ plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients

Small intestine

How much nutrient absorption occurs in the SI

90%

Name the 3 sections of the small intestine

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Which part of the SM does most of the digestion

Jejunum

How long does it take materials to pass through the duodenum to the end of the Ileum

5 hours

What are the 2 types of folds

Villi and microvilli

What does the pancreas do

Neutralizes acidic chyme

What are the 2 functions of the large intestine

Absorb water and eliminate food residue

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine

Cecum. Colon, Rectum

What does the appendix do?

Has a role in immunity

Four regions of the colon

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Lesions im the stomach lining

Gastric ulcers

Inflammation of the appendix

Appendicitis

Crystallized cholesterol

Gall stones

Irritation of the stomach

Emesis(vomiting)

Inflammation of liver

Hepatitis

Chronic inflammation of liver

Cirrhosis