bio test chapters 14-15

Evolution

change over time

decent with modification

next generation of offspring inherit characteristics from their parents that fit the enviornmnet

natural selection

organisms with best characteristics for survival love longer and produce more offspring (environmet chooses who lives or dies)

Fossils

remains or traces of dead organisms preserved in rock layers

homologous structures

similar parts but different function (common anscestors)

Analogous structures

different parts but similar function (not related)

Vestigial structure

no longer useful

comparative anatomy

look for homologous structure in plants and animals. similar body parts show common anscestrs

similar development

if embryos of different species look similar it shows a common anscestors

similar molecules (DNA and protein)

molecules that resemble each other in their sequence, structure, or function, often indicating a common anscestor

population

individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time

adaption

group of characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce

populations adapt and evolve not individual organisms

populations adapt and evolve not individual organisms

overproduction

too many offspring ore reproduced so not all can survive

competition

struggle for existence

variations

individual differences among members of a population

reproduction

individuals who survive longer have more offspring

evolution

when the entire species inherit the same helpful variations is it considered a adaption and an example of exolution

artificial selection

selective breeding

gene pool

all the genes and alleles available to a population when they mate and reproduce

genetic drift

random chance

gene flow

changes in genes with another population

mutation

new variation

microevolution

changes in alleles found in the gene pool. Alleles increase or decrease over each generation depending on which traits are helpful

helpful alleles

increase

harmful alleles

decrease

pesticide

chemical that kills pests including insects

resistance

the insect is not infected by the pesticide

IMMUNE is NOT the same as RESISTANT

IMMUNE is NOT the same as RESISTANT

antibiotic

medicine that kills bacteria it does NOT kill insects

resistance

the bacteria is not affected by the antibiotic and lives to reproduce

speciation

forming a new species

adaption

group of characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce

POPULATION adapt and evolve NOT individual organisms

POPULATION adapt and evolve NOT individual organisms

species

organisms that mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

macroevolution

to do with speciation

reproductive isolation

organisms cannot mate with each other doe to reproductive barries

geographic isolation

seperation of populations due to land or water barrier