Conducting Research in Psychology. Conducting psychological research in the real world

internal validity

degree to which a study allows unambiguous causal inferences

/The degree to which a cause-effect relationship between two variables has been unambiguously established.

external validity

degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings

and samples other than the ones being studied (generalizability)/ The degree to which a finding generalizes from the specific sample and context of a study to some larger population and broader settings.

Generalize

in science, refers to the ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on a smaller sample of observations. For these conclusions to be true the sample should accurately represent the larger population from which it is drawn.

ecological validity

degree to which an effect has been obtained under conditions that are

typical for what happens in everyday life The degree to which a study finding has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life./ The extent to which research findings reflect real-life conditions and everyday behavior.

Day Reconstruction Method (DRM)

Participants report experiences of a given day by systematically reconstructing a day.

/A methodology where participants describe their experiences and behavior of a given day retrospectively upon a systematic reconstruction on the following day.

Electronically activated recorder, or EAR: 

A methodology where participants wear a small, portable audio recorder that intermittently records snippets of ambient sounds around them./ A device-based method where participants wear a recorder that captures short audio samples of daily life to study real-world behavior.

Time-lapse photography

= to study the flow of people and the use of space in urban public places

   Ambulatory assessment:

An overarching term to describe methodologies that assess the behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in naturalistic settings.

The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) 

is a standardized laboratory procedure used to induce psychological stress in participants. It is designed to create stress through social evaluation and performance pressure.