The central nervous system

grey matter

contains cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

white matter

conrains myelinated axons

cerebellum

unconscious coordination of posture reflexes, and body movements and motor skills (hitting baseball)

medulla oblongata

controls automatic, involuntary responses, such as heart rate, constriction or dilation of blood vessels, breathing rate, swallowing and coughing

pons

relay centre between neurons of the right and left halves of the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the rest of the brain

hindbrain

cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons

midbrain

relays visual and auditory information between areas of hind and forevrain. plays a role in eye movement and skeletal muscles

forebrain

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

forebrain

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

hypothalamus

regulates the pituitary gland, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. controls drives such as hunger, thirst and sex drive

cerebrum

largest part of brain and divided into hemispheres: cerebral cortex, corpus callosum and the 4 lobes

blood brain barrier

meninges protect CNS by preventing direct circulation of blood through cells of brain and spinal cord

cerebrospinal fluid

clear colourless liquid that surrounds and cushions brain and spinal cord

cerebral cortex

language, memory, personality, vision and conscious thought

corpus callosum

connects left and right cerebral hemispheres through nerve tracts

frontal lobe

conscious thought, intelligence, memory snd personality. controls voluntary muscle movements

temporal lobe

process SOME visual and ALL auditory information

parietal lobes

receives sensory information from skin and processed information aboud body POSITION

occipital lobe

process visual info

broca’s area

coordinates muscles for speaking and translates thought into speech

wernickes area

stores information involved in language comprehension

somatic system

controls voluntary actions under conscious control

autonomic nervous system

controls involuntary actions such as heartbeat, digestion, swearing, dilation

sympathetic nervous systsm

fight or flight response;

• increase heart rate and blood pressure

• dilates pupils

• increases breathing rate

• redirects bloodflow to skeletal muscles

• decrease digestion

• releases adrenaline from adrenal glands

parasympathetic nervous system

rest and digest;

• decreases heart rate

• constricts pupils

• slows breathing rate

• stimulates digestion

• increases saliva

• promotes energy storage

norepinephrine

sympathetic neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves

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