sudden pregnancy complication (cabillan)

vaginal bleeding

during pregnancy is

always a deviation from the normal, is

always potentially serious, may occur at any

point during pregnancy, and is always

frightening.

STOP THE BLEEDING

number 1 nursing intervention (for bleeding)

PSYCHOLOGICAL CARE.

Another intervention in sudden pregnancy

complication

increased pulse rate

heart attempts to circulate decreased blood volume

decreased blood pressure

less peripheral resistance is present because of decreased blood volumr

increased respiratory rate

respiratory system attempts to increase gas exchange better to oxygenate decreased red blood cell volume

cold clammy skin

vasoconstriction occurs to maintain blood volume in central body core

decreased urine output

inadequate blood is entering kidneys because of decreased blood volume

dizziness or decreased level of consciousness

inadequate blood is reaching cerebrum because of decreased blood volume

decreased central venous pressure

decreased blood is returning to heart because of reduced blood volume

SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE

Any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is

viable

THREATENED MISCARRIAGE

begin as vaginal bleeding, initially only scant

and usually bright red. A woman may notice

slight cramping, but no cervical

dilatation is present on vaginal

examination.

Avoidance of strenuous activity for 24 to

48 hours

key intervention for threatened miscarriage

IMMINENT (INEVITABLE) MISCARRIAGE

uterine contractions and cervical dilation

occur as, with cervical dilation, the loss

of the products of conception cannot be

halted.

COMPLETE MISCARRIAGE

Entire products of conception (fetus,

membranes, and placenta) are expelled

spontaneously without assistance.

INCOMPLETE MISCARRIAGE

Part of the conceptus (usually the fetus) is expelled. Membranes or placenta are retained in the uterus.

MISSED MISCARRIAGE

● Commonly referred to as early pregnancy failure.

● The fetus dies in utero but is not expelled.

● Usually discovered at a prenatal examination when fundal height is measured and no increase in size can be demonstrated or when previously heard fetal heart sounds can no longer be heard.

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Implantation occurred outside the uterine

cavity.

ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY

• The products of conception are expelled

into the pelvic cavity with a minimum of

bleeding.

• The placenta continues to grow in the

fallopian tube, spreading perhaps into the

uterus for a better blood supply; or it may

escape into the pelvic cavity and implant on

an organ such as an intestine.

HYDATIDIFORM MOLE (H MOLE)

is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that occurs

when there is an abnormal fertilization of an egg,

leading to abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue

(cells that normally develop into the placenta).

Complete Mole

No fetal tissue is present,

and the placenta forms abnormal cystic

structures.

Partial Mole

Some fetal tissue is present,

but it is not viable, and the placenta is also

abnormal.

PREMATURE CERVICAL DILATATION (PCD)

cervical insufficiency or incompetent

cervix, is a condition in which the cervix

painlessly dilates and shortens too early in

pregnancy, leading to second-trimester

pregnancy loss or preterm birth.

PLACENTA PREVIA

placenta is implanted abnormally in the lower part of the

uterus, is the most common cause of painless

bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy

ABRUPTIO PLACENTA

Premature separation of the placenta

The placenta appears to have been implanted correctly.

Suddenly, however, it begins to separate and bleeding

results.

PRETERM LABOR

A labor that occurs before the end of week

37 of gestation.

PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES

is the rupture of fetal membranes with loss of

amniotic fluid during pregnancy before 37

weeks.

chorioamnionitis

infection of the membranes

Uterine and fetal infection

Poses a major

threat to the fetus as, after rupture, the seal to

the fetus is lost.

Inhibited fetal nutrient supply and CORD

PROLAPSE

Increased pressure on the

umbilical cord from the loss of amniotic fluid,

Cord prolapse is most apt to occur when

the fetal head is still too small to fit the cervix

firmly.

Potterlike-syndrome

distorted facial features

and pulmonary hypoplasia from pressure

PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION

Condition in which vasospasm occurs during

pregnancy in both small and large arteries.

Signs of hypertension, proteinuria, and

edema develop.

HELLP SYNDROME

Is a variation of gestational hypertensive

process named for the common symptoms that

occur:

● Hemolysis leads to anemia

● Elevated Liver enzymes leads to epigastric

pain

● Low Platelet leads to abnormal bleeding/

clotting and petichiae