Unit 3: Absolutism and Constitutionalism (copy)

What is dynastic sovereignty?

The power held by monarchs or ruling families, characterized by absolute control over the state.

How did territorial sovereignty change during the state-building period?

It became more important than dynastic sovereignty, with legitimacy derived from the state's ability to control and protect its territory.

What is popular sovereignty?

The concept that the people are the ultimate source of power and have the right to participate in government.

What marked the beginning of the English Civil War?

Political tensions between King Charles I, who believed in the divine right of kings, and Parliament.

What was the outcome of the English Civil War?

The Parliamentarians emerged victorious, leading to the execution of King Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

What triggered the Glorious Revolution?

The fear of a Catholic succession to the English throne and the invitation of William of Orange to invade England.

What was one of the main consequences of the Glorious Revolution?

The establishment of the Bill of Rights in 1689, which guaranteed certain rights to citizens and asserted parliamentary supremacy.

What is mercantilism?

An economic theory focused on increasing a nation's wealth by promoting exports and limiting imports.

How did the Agricultural Revolution contribute to urbanization?

Increased productivity in agriculture allowed more people to move to cities to work in non-agricultural industries.

What was the impact of the slave trade during the 16th to 19th centuries?

The transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans provided cheap labor for the Americas, especially in sugar, tobacco, and cotton production.

Who were some notable absolutist rulers mentioned in the lecture?

Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Charles I of England.

What characterized the Dutch Golden Age?

Great prosperity and cultural achievement, marked by economic growth, significant artistic development, and political power.

What role did capitalism play during the Commercial Revolution?

Capitalism encouraged the growth of trade and commerce, leading to increased international trade and the development of financial instruments.

What were the main features of French Absolutism?

Centralized power in the monarchy with prominent figures like Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV focusing on reducing the nobility's power.

How did absolutism and constitutionalism differ?

Absolutism emphasized monarch power and centralization while constitutionalism focused on the rule of law and protection of individual rights.