Physiotherapy Foundations and ICF Framework Flashcards

A complete set of 166 flashcards covering the ICF framework, physiotherapy foundations, movement analysis, gait, posture, and clinical communication based on lecture notes.

What does ICF stand for?

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Who developed the ICF framework?

The World Health Organization (WHO).

What is the purpose of the ICF framework?

To understand how health conditions affect a person’s function and participation.

What are the main components of the ICF framework?

Health condition, body structure/function, activity, participation, environmental factors, personal factors.

What is a health condition in the ICF?

A disease, disorder, injury, or condition affecting health.

Give examples of health conditions in the ICF.

Cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fractures, stroke.

What does “body structure” refer to in the ICF?

Anatomical parts of the body.

What does “body function” refer to in the ICF?

Physiological functions of body systems.

Give examples of body structures.

Muscles, bones, ligaments, nerves.

Give examples of body functions.

Respiration, muscle activation, sensation.

What is an impairment?

A problem in body structure or function.

Give examples of impairments.

Muscle weakness, loss of sensation, impaired proprioception.

What does “activity” mean in the ICF?

Performing a task or action.

Give examples of activities.

Walking, sit-to-stand, bed mobility, reaching.

What is an activity limitation?

Difficulty performing an activity.

Give examples of activity limitations.

Difficulty walking long distances or climbing stairs.

What does “participation” mean in the ICF?

Involvement in life situations.

What is a participation restriction?

Difficulty taking part in life roles or situations.

Give examples of participation restrictions.

Unable to hike with friends or play weekend soccer.

What are environmental factors in the ICF?

External factors affecting function and participation.

Give examples of environmental factors.

Wheelchairs, stairs, lighting, uneven ground, social support.

What are personal factors in the ICF?

Internal personal influences on function.

Give examples of personal factors.

Motivation, age, fitness, coping style, culture.

Why is the ICF framework useful in physiotherapy?

It helps physiotherapists look beyond just the injury or disease.

Why is the ICF considered holistic?

It considers physical, social, environmental, and personal factors together.

How are activity and participation different?

Activity = performing a task; participation = involvement in life situations.

Example: weak quadriceps causing difficulty standing up fits which ICF area?

Body structure/function impairment.

Example: difficulty walking to the shops fits which ICF area?

Activity limitation.

Example: unable to work because of mobility issues fits which ICF area?

Participation restriction.

Why do physiotherapists need to consider environmental factors?

The environment can make movement easier or harder.

Why are personal factors important in rehabilitation?

They influence motivation, engagement, and outcomes.

Does the ICF only focus on disability?

No — it focuses on overall functioning and participation.

How are the parts of the ICF connected?

Changes in one area affect the others.

Example: ankle fracture → pain → difficulty walking → unable to play sport demonstrates what?

Interaction between impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction.

Why is the ICF framework important for goal setting?

Goals can target participation and function, not just impairments.

What is the overall aim of the ICF approach?

To improve function, independence, and quality of life.

What is one aim of $PHTY1110$?

To introduce students to the profession of physiotherapy.

What clinical skills are introduced in $PHTY1110$?

Communication, observation, and palpation.

What is therapeutic movement?

Movement used to improve function and health.

Why do physiotherapists study movement?

To help retrain patients to function in daily life.

What is evidence-based practice?

Using research evidence to guide clinical decisions.

Why is teamwork important in healthcare?

Patients are managed by multidisciplinary teams.

Why is movement important?

It is fundamental to independence and quality of life.

Name common functional motor tasks.

Bed mobility, sit-to-stand, walking, reach, grasp/manipulation.

What is bed mobility?

Functional movement in bed such as rolling or repositioning.

What is sit-to-stand?

Transitioning from sitting to standing.

Why do physiotherapists analyse normal movement?

To identify abnormal movement and retrain function.

What does the ICF stand for?

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

What are the main parts of the ICF model?

Body structure/function, activity, participation, environmental factors, personal factors.

What is an impairment?

A problem in body structure or function.

Give examples of impairments affecting movement.

Muscle weakness, loss of sensation, poor proprioception.

What is an activity limitation?

Difficulty performing an activity.

What is a participation restriction?

Difficulty participating in life situations.

Give an example of participation restriction.

Inability to play weekend soccer due to injury.

What environmental factors can affect movement?

Surface, lighting, obstacles, equipment.

What personal factors can affect movement?

Motivation, age, fitness, culture.

What is gait?

The pattern of walking.

Why do physiotherapists evaluate gait?

To identify movement abnormalities and functional limitations.

What are functions of walking?

Mobility, exercise, recreation, and social participation.

How does gait change across the lifespan?

It develops in childhood and often declines with ageing.

By what age are many adult gait components present?

Around $4$ years old.

What factors influence gait?

Health conditions, impairments, mobility devices, environment, personal factors.

Give examples of impairments affecting gait.

Gastrocnemius weakness, sensory loss, impaired proprioception.

What gait-related activities might become difficult?

Walking long distances, turning, walking on unstable surfaces.

What is gait kinematics?

The study of movement during gait.

What is the gait cycle?

The sequence from one heel strike to the next heel strike of the same foot.

What are the two major phases of gait?

Stance phase and swing phase.

What is stance phase?

When the foot is on the ground.

What is swing phase?

When the foot is moving through the air.

What is double support?

When both feet are in contact with the ground.

Why is gait considered a social behaviour?

Walking is involved in many social activities and participation.

What is posture?

The position or alignment of the body.

What does good posture aim to do?

Protect body structures from stress and injury.

Why should posture be relaxed?

To avoid excess muscle activity.

What does good posture minimise?

Stress and strain caused by gravity.

Why are postural faults important?

They can indicate altered structure, control, or function.

Why is postural assessment useful?

It guides clinical reasoning and further testing.

When is posture usually assessed?

Near the start of an assessment.

What skill is important in postural assessment?

Observation.

Before assessing posture, what should the patient do?

March on the spot then stand naturally.

Why should weight be evenly distributed during assessment?

To observe true standing posture.

What should you first observe in posture assessment?

The overall/global alignment.

What is movement analysis?

Systematically analysing movement and muscle function.

What factors are analysed in movement analysis?

Joint motion, $ROM$, forces, muscles, contractions, $ROM$ limits.

What is $ROM$?

Range of motion.

What major forces commonly act during movement?

Gravity, muscle force, joint reaction force.

What is an agonist muscle?

The main muscle producing movement.

What is an antagonist muscle?

A muscle opposing movement.

What is a synergist muscle?

A muscle assisting movement.

What is a stabiliser muscle?

A muscle preventing unwanted movement.

What is a concentric contraction?

Muscle shortens while producing force.

What is an eccentric contraction?

Muscle lengthens while producing force.

What is an isometric contraction?

Muscle produces force without changing length.

What does passive lengthening mean?

A muscle stretches without actively contracting.

What can limit $ROM$?

Tight muscles, tight capsule, joint degeneration.

Why are complex movements difficult to analyse?

They involve many joints and planes of movement.

What are transition points in movement?

Points where muscles or movement direction change.

How should complex movements be analysed?

Break them into smaller components.

Why are cervical and thoracic stabilisers often listed separately?

They maintain consistent stabilisation roles.

What are the main agonists during elbow flexion?

Brachialis and brachioradialis.