1/8
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress

b

(1) S
(2) P
(3) P
(4) S
(5) S
(6) P
(7) S
(8) S
(9) P
(10) S
(11) P
(12) S
(13) S
(14) S
(15) S

c

d

d

c

a
Short essay:
(a) Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to a spinal nerve, and to the dorsal and ventral rami.
(b) Why are gray rami communicantes gray?
Part A: White and gray rami connect the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk before it splits into dorsal and ventral rami, so postganglionic fibers reach both.
Part B: Gray rami are gray because postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.
Short essay:
How do the somatic motor and visceral motor (ANS) pathways differ anatomically and functionally?
Anatomically:
Somatic: 1 neuron from CNS directly to effector (skeletal muscle)
ANS: 2 neurons — preganglionic synapses in a ganglion before reaching the effector
Functionally:
Somatic: voluntary control, only causes excitation
ANS: involuntary control, can cause excitation or inhibition