Chapter 15 MCQ + short essay:

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Last updated 7:48 PM on 4/10/26
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9 Terms

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(1) S

(2) P

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(5) S

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Short essay:

  1. (a) Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to a spinal nerve, and to the dorsal and ventral rami.
    (b) Why are gray rami communicantes gray?

Part A: White and gray rami connect the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk before it splits into dorsal and ventral rami, so postganglionic fibers reach both.

Part B: Gray rami are gray because postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

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Short essay:

  1. How do the somatic motor and visceral motor (ANS) pathways differ anatomically and functionally?

Anatomically:

  • Somatic: 1 neuron from CNS directly to effector (skeletal muscle)

  • ANS: 2 neurons — preganglionic synapses in a ganglion before reaching the effector

Functionally:

  • Somatic: voluntary control, only causes excitation

  • ANS: involuntary control, can cause excitation or inhibition